Endocrine Pathophysiology & Nursing

Question 1

type 1 diabetes

Answer 1

caused by the destruction of beta cells; characterized by hyperglycaemia and ketosis

Question 2

type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

the condition of hyperglycaemia despite the availability of insulin; diet and pharmacologically controlled

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 3

a group of chronic disorders of the endocrine pancreas characterized by the relative of absolute deficiency of insulin
Pathophysiology: v insulin > glucose not absorbed > hyperglycaemia > gluconeogenesis > fat breakdown > glucose in urine > osmotic dieresis > electrolyte and water loss
Risk factors: overweight, lack of exercise, poor diet, smokers, high cholesterol
Clinical manifestations: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, weight loss, lethargy, blurred vision
Management: pharmacology, insulin, BGL, diet, exercise
Nursing management: BGL, monitoring urine for glucose and ketones, patient education

Question 4

Diabetic Ketoacidosis [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions

Answer 4

complication of diabetes in which the chemical balance of the body becomes acidic
Pathophysiology: fat breaks down into free fatty acids > formation of ketone bodies by the liver > inadequate insulin stops the formation of excessive ketone bodies > ketone bodies accumulate in the circulation > diabetic ketoacidosis
Risk factors: diabetes
Clinical manifestations: dehydration, metabolic acidosis, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, coma, ketone breath