Cardiology Pathophysiology & Nursing

Question 1

ECG V1:

Answer 1

4th intercostal space, right border of the sternum

Question 2

ECG V2:

Answer 2

4th intercostal space, left border of the sternum

Question 3

ECG V3:

Answer 3

midway between V2 & V4

Question 4

ECG V4:

Answer 4

mid clavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Question 5

ECG V5:

Answer 5

anterior axillary line, same horizontal level as V4

Question 6

ECG V6:

Answer 6

mid axillary line, same horizontal level as V4 & V5

Question 7

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 7

Pathophysiology: atherosclerosis, build up of plaque in the arteries, blocking or restricting the flow of blood to or out of the heart; ischemic death of heart tissue; area of infarction determined by the coronary artery affected & its distribution of blood flow
Risk factors: weight, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, high cholesterol diet
Clinical manifestations: chest pain
Management: decrease risk factors, education on reduction of risk factors
Nursing management: medication (morphine), angine, vitals, pain assessment, assess cardiac monitoring, general appearance
Surgical intervention: angiogram, angioplasty

Question 8

Angina [pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, management, nursing management, surgical interventions]

Answer 8

Pathophysiology: atherosclerotic plaque build up > action/trigger > spasm of coronary arteries
Risk factors: weight, lack of exercise, alcohol, smoking
Clinical manifestations: chest pain, radiating pain, tight, squeezing, heavy, burning, aching
Management: pharmacology > anginine
Nursing management: 02 therapy 4-6L, reassurance, vitals, pain assessment, ecg