renal pathophysiology Flashcards
An infant has an increased vulnerability to altered fluid/electrolyte balance compared to adult bc:
a) 80% of total body weight in infants is water
b. the infants metabolic rate is higher than the adults
c. the infant normally loses and replaces 25% of total body water in 24 hours
d. the young infants kidneys are unable to concentrate urine and retain fluid
e. all of the abobe
j
the first goal of rapid infusion fluids during initial TM of dehydration is to replace fluid in :
a. intracellular fluid compartment
b. interstitial fluid
c. the circulation
d. the cerebrospinal fluid
e. all body fluid compoinents equally
j
which of following mechanisms causes hydrogen ion disturbances (acid-base imbalance) following excessive diarrhoea:
a. excessive loss of bicarbonate in stools
b. increased catabolism of glycogen in liver
c. inexcessive loss of hydrogen ions in urine
d. lactic acid production due to decreased tissue perfusion
e. both a and d
a
which of following mechanisms causes hydrogen ion disturbances (acid-base imbalance) after excessive vomiting:
a. excessive retention of bicarbonate in the stool
b. excessive loss of hydrogen ions in stools
c. excessive loss of bicarbonate ions in the vomitus
d. excessive loss of hydroge ions in the vomitus
e. a and b
j
KL is losing alarge amounts of potassium into the stool. Her serum potassium level however is elevated! this is because there is ?
a. acidosis causing movement of hydrogen ions into cells and potassium out
b.
e
KL is losing alarge amounts of potassium into the stool. Her serum potassium level however is elevated! this is because there is ?
a. acidosis causing movement of hydrogen ions into cells and potassium out
b. alkalosis causing movement of hydrogen ions into the cells and potassium out
c. a greater loss of water into the stool
d. both a and c
e. both b and c
e
KL’s fontanels is depressed (sunken) and she has no tears. this indicates
- acidosis
b. alkalosis
c. decreased blood vol and probab hypertension
d. both a and c
e. botghe b and c
j
KLs stool culture was negative. the conclusion that can be drawn from this is
a. KL is not suffering from an infectious cause of her diarrhoea
b. KL is not suffering from a bacterial or fungal cause of her diarrhoea
c. KL must have no intestinal flora
d. KLs diarrhoea is caused by excessive administration of antibiotics
e. all of the above are correct
j
