renal pathology Flashcards
what is the leading cause of kidney failure
2nd leading cause
diabetes and HTN
renal cortex is responsible for
all filtration
most disease in kidney is focused in
glomeruli
what portion of the kidney is most sensitive to ischemia?
cortex
what portion of the medulla is thick ascending limbs, thick and thin descending limbs and collecting ducts?
outer
what portion of the medulla is thin limbs of loop of Henle and distal collecting ducts?
inner
what effect on permeability of glomerular capillary wall does increasing negative charge have?
decrease
are diaphragms present in fenestrated endothelium pores?
no
what is the podocyte membran protein found in podocyte slit diaphragms?
nephrin
what makes up the glomerulus filtration barrier
endothelium,
basement membrane, and layer
of podocyte foot processes.
inflammation of kidney blood vessels seen in which conditions
systemic vasculitis,
transplant rejection
what glomerular histologic alteration is more than 3 nuclei/mesangial area
“Endocapillary” proliferation: endothelial, mesangial, leukocyte
Visceral epithelial proliferation
Parietal epithelial proliferation (“crescent”)
Leukocytic infiltration
hypercellularity
T/F: patients w diabetes have a lot of endocapillary hypercellularity of mesangium
false- they have a lot of extracellular matrix material that expands that area
T/F: patients w proliferative glomerulonephritis have hypercellularity w lots of neutrophils and lymphocytes
true … kids w post-strep infection also can get this, where they have a cross reactive antigen that deposits w/in the GBM starting an immune process
what glomerular histologic alteration can result from Protein deposits: immune complex, organized deposits (polymers)?
mesangium
what indicates severe glomerular injury?
is proliferative lesion, composed of epithelial and/or inflammatory cells, collagen and fibrin, and results in partial filling of Bowman’s space?
crescents
what changes can you have in GBM
thickening
mesangial cell inerpositioning
heterlogous protein deposition
thinning/splitting
what is term for nuclear fragmentation resulting in necrosis?
karyorrhexis
what is glomerular hyalinosis
deposition of serum proteins
homogenous eosinophilic appearance
global glomerular lesions affect
entirety of individual glomeruli
segmental glomerular lesions affects
portion of individual glomeruli
diffuse glomerular lesions affects
all glomeruli
focal glomerular lesions affects
some but not all
3 phases of immune complex disease
complex formation
deposition of tissues
activation of inflammatory response