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pathology > genitourinary 1 > Flashcards

genitourinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

in hypospadias urethral orifice is on ___

A

ventral aspect

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2
Q

in epispadias urethral orifice is on

A

dorsal aspect

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3
Q

balanitis is

A

inflammation of glans penis

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4
Q

balanoposthitis is

A

inflammation of overlying prepuce

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5
Q

smegma can lead to

A

phimosis

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6
Q

risk factors of penis tumors

A

poor hygiene, smoking, HPV

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7
Q

condyloma acuminatum is benign or malignant

A

benign

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8
Q

condyloma acuminatum is caused by

A

HPV (mostly 6 and 11)

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9
Q

histo of condyloma acuminatum

A 
thickened epidermis (acanthosis) and hyperkeratosis 
koilocytosis
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10
Q

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease benign or malignant

A

malignant

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11
Q

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease caused by

A

high risk HPV (16)

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12
Q

invasive squamous cell carcinoma benign or malignant

A

malignant

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13
Q

invasive squamous cell carcinoma caused by

A

HPV 16 > 18

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14
Q

invasive squamous cell carcinoma looks like

A

papular, crusted, ulcerated lesion on glans or prepuce

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15
Q

hydrocele is

A

accumulation of serous fluid (clear) within tunica vaginalis
scrotal

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16
Q

hematocele is

A

accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

scrotal

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17
Q

chylocele is

A

accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tunica vaginalis

scrotal

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18
Q

cryptorchidism is

A

failure of testicular descent into scrotum

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19
Q

crytorchidism leads to increased

A

risk of testicular cancer

and incidence of inguinal hernias

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20
Q

treatment of cryptorchidism

A

orcgiopexy

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21
Q

torsion is

A

twisting of the spermatic cord

obstruction of testicular venous drainage &intense vascular engorgement and infarction

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22
Q

risk factors of testicular neoplasms

A

cryptorchidism

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23
Q

genetics of testicular neoplasms

A

isochromosome 12p

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24
Q

testicular neoplasms arise from

A

germ cell or sex cord stroma

25
Q

germ cell neolasia in situ is found in

A

parenchyma adjacent to tumor

26
Q

most common pure germ cell tumor is

A

seminoma

27
Q

tumor markers of seminoma

A

10% of patients will have increased hCG

28
Q

ovarian counterpart of seminoma

A

dysgerminoma

29
Q

seminoma looks like

A

homogenous, lobulated white mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis

large uniform cells with distinct cell borders, glycogen rich cytoplasm with lymphocytic infiltrate

30
Q

spermatocytic tumor lacks

A

lymphocytic infiltrates and granulomas

31
Q

do spermatocytic tumors metastasize

A

no

32
Q

embryonal carcinoma is more aggressive than

A

seminoma

33
Q

embryonal carcinoma looks like

A

invasive masses with hemorrahge and necrosis

large tumor cells w/prominent nuclei

tubular, alveolar, papillary growth patterns

34
Q

yolk sac tumor is the most common

A

testicular tumor in children

good prognosis

35
Q

tumor markers of yolk sac tumors

A

increased AFP levels

36
Q

distinct structure of yolk sac tumor

A

schiller-duval bodies

37
Q

choriocarcinoma benign or malignant

A

highly malignant

38
Q

choriocarcinoma tumor cells differentiated into cells resembling

A

trophoblasts

39
Q

tumor markers of choriocarcinoma

A

increased hCG

40
Q

ectoderm teratoma is in

A

neural tissue, skin

41
Q

mesoderm teratoma is in

A

muscle, cartilage

42
Q

endoderm teratoma is in

A

thyroid, bronchial epithelium

43
Q

pure teratomas are most common in

A

infants and kids

44
Q

prepubertal teratomas benign or malignant

A

benign

45
Q

postpubertal terastomas benign or malignant

A

malignant and capable of metastasis

46
Q

seminomas remain confined to

A

testis for long periods

metastasis to iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes

47
Q

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors spread through

A

lymphatic and hematogenous

liver, lung

48
Q

most hyperplastic lesions in prostate arise in

A

inner transition zone

49
Q

most carcinomas in prostate arise in

A

peripheral zones

50
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia is common cause of

A

prostatic enlargement caused by proliferation of glandular and stromal elements

urinary obstruction

51
Q

DHT is ultimate mediator of

A

prostatic growth

52
Q

treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

agents that inhibit formation of DHT and surgery

53
Q

what is the most common cancer in men

A

prostatic carcinoma

54
Q

prostatic carcinoma treatment

A

surgery and radiotherapy, active surveillance for low grade cancers, androgen deprivation for metastatic disease

55
Q

PSA assay is for

A

prostatic carcinoma

56
Q

cancer is dependent on ___ for survival

A

androgens

57
Q

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease occurs in

A

older uncircumsized males

58
Q

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease appears grossly as

A

solitary plaque on the shaft of the penis.

pathology (8 decks)

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