genitourinary 1

Question 1

in hypospadias urethral orifice is on ___

Answer 1

ventral aspect

Question 2

in epispadias urethral orifice is on

Answer 2

dorsal aspect

Question 3

balanitis is

Answer 3

inflammation of glans penis

Question 4

balanoposthitis is

Answer 4

inflammation of overlying prepuce

Question 5

smegma can lead to

Answer 5

phimosis

Question 6

risk factors of penis tumors

Answer 6

poor hygiene, smoking, HPV

Question 7

condyloma acuminatum is benign or malignant

Answer 7

benign

Question 8

condyloma acuminatum is caused by

Answer 8

HPV (mostly 6 and 11)

Question 9

histo of condyloma acuminatum

Answer 9

thickened epidermis (acanthosis) and hyperkeratosis 
koilocytosis

Question 10

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease benign or malignant

Answer 10

malignant

Question 11

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease caused by

Answer 11

high risk HPV (16)

Question 12

invasive squamous cell carcinoma benign or malignant

Answer 12

malignant

Question 13

invasive squamous cell carcinoma caused by

Answer 13

HPV 16 > 18

Question 14

invasive squamous cell carcinoma looks like

Answer 14

papular, crusted, ulcerated lesion on glans or prepuce

Question 15

hydrocele is

Answer 15

accumulation of serous fluid (clear) within tunica vaginalis
scrotal

Question 16

hematocele is

Answer 16

accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

scrotal

Question 17

chylocele is

Answer 17

accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tunica vaginalis

scrotal

Question 18

cryptorchidism is

Answer 18

failure of testicular descent into scrotum

Question 19

crytorchidism leads to increased

Answer 19

risk of testicular cancer

and incidence of inguinal hernias

Question 20

treatment of cryptorchidism

Answer 20

orcgiopexy

Question 21

torsion is

Answer 21

twisting of the spermatic cord

obstruction of testicular venous drainage &intense vascular engorgement and infarction

Question 22

risk factors of testicular neoplasms

Answer 22

cryptorchidism

Question 23

genetics of testicular neoplasms

Answer 23

isochromosome 12p

Question 24

testicular neoplasms arise from

Answer 24

germ cell or sex cord stroma

Question 25

germ cell neolasia in situ is found in

Answer 25

parenchyma adjacent to tumor

Question 26

most common pure germ cell tumor is

Answer 26

seminoma

Question 27

tumor markers of seminoma

Answer 27

10% of patients will have increased hCG

Question 28

ovarian counterpart of seminoma

Answer 28

dysgerminoma

Question 29

seminoma looks like

Answer 29

homogenous, lobulated white mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis large uniform cells with distinct cell borders, glycogen rich cytoplasm with lymphocytic infiltrate

Question 30

spermatocytic tumor lacks

Answer 30

lymphocytic infiltrates and granulomas

Question 31

do spermatocytic tumors metastasize

Answer 31

no

Question 32

embryonal carcinoma is more aggressive than

Answer 32

seminoma

Question 33

embryonal carcinoma looks like

Answer 33

invasive masses with hemorrahge and necrosis large tumor cells w/prominent nuclei tubular, alveolar, papillary growth patterns

Question 34

yolk sac tumor is the most common

Answer 34

testicular tumor in children | good prognosis

Question 35

tumor markers of yolk sac tumors

Answer 35

increased AFP levels

Question 36

distinct structure of yolk sac tumor

Answer 36

schiller-duval bodies

Question 37

choriocarcinoma benign or malignant

Answer 37

highly malignant

Question 38

choriocarcinoma tumor cells differentiated into cells resembling

Answer 38

trophoblasts

Question 39

tumor markers of choriocarcinoma

Answer 39

increased hCG

Question 40

ectoderm teratoma is in

Answer 40

neural tissue, skin

Question 41

mesoderm teratoma is in

Answer 41

muscle, cartilage

Question 42

endoderm teratoma is in

Answer 42

thyroid, bronchial epithelium

Question 43

pure teratomas are most common in

Answer 43

infants and kids

Question 44

prepubertal teratomas benign or malignant

Answer 44

benign

Question 45

postpubertal terastomas benign or malignant

Answer 45

malignant and capable of metastasis

Question 46

seminomas remain confined to

Answer 46

testis for long periods | metastasis to iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 47

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors spread through

Answer 47

lymphatic and hematogenous | liver, lung

Question 48

most hyperplastic lesions in prostate arise in

Answer 48

inner transition zone

Question 49

most carcinomas in prostate arise in

Answer 49

peripheral zones

Question 50

benign prostatic hyperplasia is common cause of

Answer 50

prostatic enlargement caused by proliferation of glandular and stromal elements urinary obstruction

Question 51

DHT is ultimate mediator of

Answer 51

prostatic growth

Question 52

treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 52

agents that inhibit formation of DHT and surgery

Question 53

what is the most common cancer in men

Answer 53

prostatic carcinoma

Question 54

prostatic carcinoma treatment

Answer 54

surgery and radiotherapy, active surveillance for low grade cancers, androgen deprivation for metastatic disease

Question 55

PSA assay is for

Answer 55

prostatic carcinoma

Question 56

cancer is dependent on ___ for survival

Answer 56

androgens

Question 57

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease occurs in

Answer 57

older uncircumsized males

Question 58

squamous cell carcinoma in situ/ bowen disease appears grossly as

Answer 58

solitary plaque on the shaft of the penis.