breast Flashcards
what is the most common palpable nodule / mass of breast lesions? 40%
FCC (Fibrocystic changes)
presentation of FCC( fibrocystic changes)
irregular mass, cyst, calcification, nipple discharge, nodularity or thickening
pre-menopausal age
what inflammatory lesion of the breast occurs during lactation?
mastitis
non proliferative FCC histologic findings
- Cysts: with or without apocrine metaplasia
- Stromal fibrosis
- Adenosis: an increase in the number of acini per lobule
proliferative FCC disease w/o atypia
there are more acini than you’d expect to see in a normal breast,
under mammogram & histologically it mimics invasive carcinoma
what is seen in intraductal papilloma of breast
proliferative dis w/o atypia,
acini proliferate into ducts,
benign, but has malignant variants,
2 types: large and small duct growth
large duct intraductal papilloma of breast
acini proliferate into large duct found close to nipple,
**bloody discharge from nipple,
no increased risk of cancer
small intraductal papilloma of breast
acini proliferate into small ducts near periphery of breast,
mildly increased risk of cancer
which proliferative breast disease with atypia has some, but not all of DCIS features?
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) – it must be removed from the breast.
Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) of breast appears as
there isn’t as much proliferation into lumen, but you still see atypia
what is atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
proliferative disease w/atypia
Proliferation of cells identical to those of LCIS.
Cells do not fill or distend more than 50% of the acini within a lobule.
breast specific biphasic tumors
stromal tumors
Fibroadenoma
Phyllodes tumor
what is the most common benign tumor
fibroadenoma
presentaiton of fibroadenoma
palpable and freely movable firm mass(young) mammographic density (old)
fibroadenoma grossly appearance
Encapsulated, usually solitary, discrete, yellow-white, rubbery, whirl-like pattern
Most <3 cm in diameter
fibroadenoma histological appearance
Biphasic tumor:
- Stromal overgrowth
- Compressed duct-like, epithelial lined spaces
phyllodes tumor most common in which age group
most common in the 50s
50s
if phyllodes tumor becomes malignant how will it appear
usually large (>5cm), leaflike pattern, hemorrhage, necrosis, infiltration
the most common non skin malignancy in women
breast carcinoma
hormonal factors that increase risk of breast cancer include:
- early menarche (1st pd)
- late menopause
- nulliparity (never having a kid)
- 1st child after 35 yrs
- postmenopausal women w obesity
- estrogen producing ovarian tumors
hormonal factors that decrease risk of breast cancer include:
- oophorectomy (removal of ovaries) before age 35
- 1st child before 20 years old
- obesity prior to age 40
T/F: black women are more likely to have ER/PR positive breast cancer
false- more likely to be ER/PR negative
Genetic factors that increase risk for breast carcinoma
- 1st degree relatives with breast cancer (mom, sis, daughter), and higher risk if relative developed at early age
- germline mutations: li fraumeni syndrome (p53 mutation), CHEK2 mutation (li fraumeni variant)
- BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes: associated w familial breast cancer at an early age
breast carcinoma is most often seen in which area of the breast
upper and outer quadrant (50%)….
after that, central/subareolar area (20%) and each other quadrant (10%)
