Renal Pathology 1

Question 1

WHat are the congenital diseases of the kidney?

Answer 1

Agenesis- No kidney, no live
Hypoplasia- unilat, not norm size
Ectopic- Above pelvic Brim
Horseshoe- Connected, inc infect

Question 2

What are complications of an ectopic Kidney?

Answer 2

Normal or slightly small

Kinking or tortuosisty of the ureters => obstruction => Inf

Question 3

Who normally has Autosomal Dominant renal disease?

Answer 3

ADults

Question 4

Who normally has Autosomal Recessive renal disease?

Answer 4

Children

Question 5

Who normally has Acquired renal disease?

Answer 5

Dialysis Associated

Question 6

What are the features of Polycystic Kidney Disease?

ADPKD

Answer 6

Autosomal Dom
MUTATION of PKD1 or PKD2
Mult Cysts => Destruction
Renal Failure in 50s
BERRY ANEURISMS in 10%

Question 7

What is a Berry Aneurism?

Answer 7

Saccular aneurism in the circle of Willis that can rupture to result in fatal SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage

Question 8

At what point does kidney function diminish in PKD?

Answer 8

After 2/3 of the kidney has been replaced by Cysts

Question 9

What is Chricteristic of Autosomal recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease?

Answer 9

PKHD1 Gene mutation
Huge White smooth surfaced kidneys at birth
Cysts are 1-2 mm in diameter from collecting ducts
Associated with Congenital hepatic fibrosis

Question 10

What are the charicteristcs of Simple renal Cysts?

Answer 10

Cortical
“retention” cysts
Incididental, asymptomatic
VERY COMMON

Question 11

What are the imaging modalities of Renal Biopsy?

Answer 11

Light Microscopy
Immunofluorescence
Electron microscopy

Question 12

What is focal vs diffuse Renal pathology?

Answer 12

Focal 50%

Question 13

What is Global vs Segmental Renal pathology?

Answer 13

Global: Whole Glomerulus
Segmental: Portion of glomerulus

Question 14

What is primary vs secondary vs idiopathic Renal pathology?

Answer 14

1^ Renal Dise
2^ Systemic Dis
3^ Etiology Unknown

Question 15

What are the three patterns of Immunofluorescence?

Answer 15

Linear capillary loop pattern
Granular Capp loop pattern
Mesangial Pattern

Question 16

What is the renal biopsy usually stained for?

Answer 16

IgG, A, M, and Complement C3 and C1q and kappa and lambda light chain

Question 17

Podocytes are associated with which part of the glomerulus?

Answer 17

Epithelium, inner layer

Question 18

How are Antibodies involved in Pathogenesis of Renal disease?

Answer 18

Ab against Glom BM
Ab aginst planted Ag
Trapping of Ag-Ab complexes
Ab against Glomerular cells

Question 19

What is NephrITIC syndrome?

Answer 19

Hematuria from glomerular injury: Breaks in glomerular capillary loops

Question 20

What is NephrOTIC syndrome?

Answer 20

severe PROTEINURIA;

from glomerular injury: glom capp filtration defects

Question 21

What is Acute Renal Failure?

Answer 21

Tubular injury: Oliguria and rapid rise in serum creatinine

Question 22

What are the clinical symptoms of NephrITIC syndrome?

Answer 22

HTN
Oliguia 
Proteinuria
Azotemia
HEMATURIA
RBC casts

Question 23

What are the clinical symptoms of NephrOTIC syndrome?

Answer 23

PROTEINURIA
Pitting EDEMA 2/2 HYPOALBUMIN
Hypercoag state
Hypercholesterol
Hypergammaglob
FATTY CASTS