Renal Pathology 1 Flashcards
WHat are the congenital diseases of the kidney?
Agenesis- No kidney, no live
Hypoplasia- unilat, not norm size
Ectopic- Above pelvic Brim
Horseshoe- Connected, inc infect
What are complications of an ectopic Kidney?
Normal or slightly small
Kinking or tortuosisty of the ureters => obstruction => Inf
Who normally has Autosomal Dominant renal disease?
ADults
Who normally has Autosomal Recessive renal disease?
Children
Who normally has Acquired renal disease?
Dialysis Associated
What are the features of Polycystic Kidney Disease?
ADPKD
Autosomal Dom MUTATION of PKD1 or PKD2 Mult Cysts => Destruction Renal Failure in 50s BERRY ANEURISMS in 10%
What is a Berry Aneurism?
Saccular aneurism in the circle of Willis that can rupture to result in fatal SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage
At what point does kidney function diminish in PKD?
After 2/3 of the kidney has been replaced by Cysts
What is Chricteristic of Autosomal recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease?
PKHD1 Gene mutation
Huge White smooth surfaced kidneys at birth
Cysts are 1-2 mm in diameter from collecting ducts
Associated with Congenital hepatic fibrosis
What are the charicteristcs of Simple renal Cysts?
Cortical
“retention” cysts
Incididental, asymptomatic
VERY COMMON
What are the imaging modalities of Renal Biopsy?
Light Microscopy
Immunofluorescence
Electron microscopy
What is focal vs diffuse Renal pathology?
Focal 50%
What is Global vs Segmental Renal pathology?
Global: Whole Glomerulus
Segmental: Portion of glomerulus
What is primary vs secondary vs idiopathic Renal pathology?
1^ Renal Dise
2^ Systemic Dis
3^ Etiology Unknown
What are the three patterns of Immunofluorescence?
Linear capillary loop pattern
Granular Capp loop pattern
Mesangial Pattern
What is the renal biopsy usually stained for?
IgG, A, M, and Complement C3 and C1q and kappa and lambda light chain
Podocytes are associated with which part of the glomerulus?
Epithelium, inner layer
How are Antibodies involved in Pathogenesis of Renal disease?
Ab against Glom BM
Ab aginst planted Ag
Trapping of Ag-Ab complexes
Ab against Glomerular cells
What is NephrITIC syndrome?
Hematuria from glomerular injury: Breaks in glomerular capillary loops
What is NephrOTIC syndrome?
severe PROTEINURIA;
from glomerular injury: glom capp filtration defects
What is Acute Renal Failure?
Tubular injury: Oliguria and rapid rise in serum creatinine
What are the clinical symptoms of NephrITIC syndrome?
HTN Oliguia Proteinuria Azotemia HEMATURIA RBC casts
What are the clinical symptoms of NephrOTIC syndrome?
PROTEINURIA Pitting EDEMA 2/2 HYPOALBUMIN Hypercoag state Hypercholesterol Hypergammaglob FATTY CASTS
