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Renal > Disorders of Calcium and Mg > Flashcards

Disorders of Calcium and Mg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the distribution of Extracellular Ca++?

A

50% free (ionized)
50% bound
-40% protein
-10% complexed

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2
Q

What is the Corrected Ca++ calculation?

A

Corrected Ca = Measured Ca+ [.8(4 - measured albumin)]

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3
Q

WHat are the Calcium Regulatory Hormones?

A

PTH
Calcitonin
Vitamin D

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4
Q

WHat is the effect of PTH on the body?

A

Inc resorption of Ca and Phos
increases DCT Ca Reabsorption and dec prox tubule phos reabs
Inc gut abs of Ca
Net: inc serum Ca and dec phos

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5
Q

What is the Net effect of Calcitonin on the body?

A

Inh bone reabs
Dec renal tubular reabs of Ca and Phos
Dec gut abs of phos
Net: DEC serum Ca AND Phos

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6
Q

What is the effect of Vitamin D on the body?

A 
Inc intestinal abs of Ca and Phos
Inc bone reabs of Ca and Phos 
Inc renal reabs of Ca and Phos
Dec PTH
Net: INC Ca AND Phos
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7
Q

What are the Tx of Hypercalcemia?

A 
ECF vol Restoration *** Dilution
Loop Diuretics
Bisphosphate therapy
Calcitonin therapy
Glucocorticoids
Dialysis
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8
Q

What constitutes Mild, Mod, Severe Hypocalcemia?

A

Mild: 8-8.5mg/dl
Mod: 7-8mg/dl
Severe:

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9
Q

What drugs can cause Hypercalcemia?

A 
Vit A >50k
Vit D > 50k
Thiazide Diuretics
Lithium
Milk-Alkali
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10
Q

What are tests that show Hypocalcemia?

A

Trouseau’s sign (Hand)

Chvostek’s sign (cheek)

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11
Q

What arrythmia will you see with a prolonged QT interval? (Hypocalcemia)

A

Torsaddes

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12
Q

What are causes of Vitamin D Deficiency?

A

Dec PO intake/UV exposure
Malabsorb of Vit D
Inc Vit D metabolism
-phenobarbatol

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13
Q

What are the Diseases associated with Vitamin D resistance?

A

VD Dep rickets 1
-1-alphahydroxylase def
VD Dep rickets 2
-Mutation of VD receptor

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14
Q

Waht are the symptoms of Severe Hypophosphatemia?

A

Weakness
Bone Pain Rhabdomyolysis
Mental status change

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15
Q

What are the hematologic Changes associated with Hypophosphatemia?

A

RBC Hemolysos
WBC dec phagocytosis and gran chemotaxis
Platelets Defective Clot retraction and thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

What are the Major conditions associated with Hypophosphatemia?

A

Chronic Alcoholism
IV hyperalimentation without phosphate
Chronic Ingestion of antacids

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypomagnesemia?

A 
Nistagmus
Fatigue
Seizures
Muscle spasms
Weakness: diaphragm
Numbness

Renal (21 decks)

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