renal path Flashcards
azotemia
> elevation of BUN and creatinine
> usually related to decreased GFR
prerenal azotemia
> hypoperfusion of kidneys
> decreased renal function without parencymal damage
post renal azotemia
> whenver urin flow is obstructed beyond the level of the kidney
cause of most glomerular diseases
> autoimmune dysfunction
cause of tubular and interstitial renal diseases
> toxic or infectious agents
3 categories of dysfunction that cause uremia
> renal excretion failure
metabolic dysfunction
endocrine dysfunction
nephritic syndrome
>where is disease
>what are symptoms
glomerular problem
> hematuria
> proteinuria
> HTN
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis =
> nephritic syndrome with rapid decline in GFR
nephrotic syndrome
>where is disease
>what are symptoms
glomerular problem > heavy proteinuria > hypoalbuminemia > edema > hyperlipidemia > lipiduria
signs of acute renal failure
> oligouria or anuria
recent onset of azotemia
( from injury to any part of the kidney )
signs of chronic renal failure
> signs and prolonged symptoms of uremia
possible symptoms of renal tubular defects
> polyuria
nocuria
electrolyte imbalances
pyelonephritis =
infection of the kidney (UTI)
cystitis =
infection of the bladder (UTI)
pyuria =
leukocytes in the urine
renal colic=
> severe spasms of pain
> often associated with nephrolithiasis
4 stages of chronic renal failure
> diminished renal reserve
renal insufficiency
chronic renal failure
end-stage renal disease
Signs and symptoms of…
diminished renal reserve
GFR 50%
> asymptomatic
> normal BUN / creatinine
Signs and symptoms of …
renal insufficiency
GFR 20-50% > azotemia appears > HTN appears > maybe polyuria, nocturia from inability to concentrate > chemical stress can induce uremia
Signs and symptoms of …
chronic renal failure
GFR edema > uremia > metabolic acidosis > hyperkalemia > neuro, cardiac, GI complications
Signs and symptoms of …
end-stage renal disease
GFR bad
difference between glomerulonephritis and glomerulopathy
- opathy lacks a cellular inflammatory component
hyalinosis of the glomerulus
> what is it?
> locale?
> feature of?
accumulation of eosinophilic plasma proteins
> insudated into the glomerular structures
> endothelial/capillary wall damage
sclerosis of the glomerulus
> what is it?
> locale?
> feature of?
accumulation of collagenous matrix
> confined to mesangial areas (DM) and/or in capillary loops
> malignant HTN??
diffuse glomerulopathy=
> involves all glomeruli
global glomerulopathy=
> involves the entire glomerulus
focal glomerulopathy=
> involves only a portion of the glomeruli
segmental glomerulopathy=
> affects a part of each glomerulus
