pulm

Question 1

Kerley B lines

Answer 1

> fluid in the interlobular septa as seen in cardiogenic edema

Question 2

cuffing in cardiogenic edema

Answer 2

> an increase in perivascular and peribronchial fluid

Question 3

cause of “whiteout” lungs

Answer 3

> non-cardiogenic edema

Question 4

absorptive atelectasis

Answer 4

> obstructive atelec. such as mucous
air distal to the obstruction is absorbed
mediastinum shifts TOWARD the collapse

Question 5

compression atelectasis

Answer 5

> fluid in the pleural cavity increases pressure

> mediastinum shifts AWAY the collapse

Question 6

contraction atelectasis

Answer 6

> fibrosis causes collapse

Question 7

patchy atelectasis

Answer 7

> seen in newborns with hyaline membrane Dz

> collapse from lack of surf.

Question 8

Charcot- Leyden crystals

Answer 8

> crystals from membranes of eosinophils in asthma

Question 9

Curschman spirals

Answer 9

> spirals of shed epithelium in mucous plugs of smaller airways
seen in microscopic exam of sputum
asthma
can contain Charcot-Leyden crystals

Question 10

Ghon complex

Answer 10

> primary TB

> subpluerual lesion near fissure between upper/lower lobes and enlarged caseous lymph nodes that drain the lesion

Question 11

plexiform lesions

Answer 11

> vascular lesion
consists of intraluminal angiomatous tufts that form webs
diagnostic of pulmonary HTN

Question 12

Churgg-Strauss

Answer 12

> allergic vasculitis
necrotizing granulomas
p-ANCA

Question 13

wegener granulomatosis

Answer 13

> c-ANCA
large and serpinginous areas of necrosis
peripheral palisading of macrophages

Question 14

bronchiectasis

Answer 14

> abnormal, permanent dilation of the bronchi filled with mucus and neutrophils
NFL and necrosis of bronchials walls
alveolar fibrosis

Question 15

chronic bronchitis morphology

Answer 15

> hyperplasia of the bronchial submucosal glands

Question 16

centrilobular emphysema

Answer 16

> proximal acinus
respiratory bronchioles
most severe in apical segments

Question 17

paraseptal emphysema

Answer 17

> distal acinus
resp. bronchioles and terminal blind alveoli
most severe in upper half of lungs

Question 18

panlobular emphysema

Answer 18

> entire acinus
associated with alpha 1 AT
most severe at lung bases

Question 19

bronchopneumonia

Answer 19

> patchy consolidation

> aka “lobular pneumonia”

Question 20

4 stages of lobar pneumonia

Answer 20

> congestive
red hepatization
gray hepatization
resolution

Question 21

T/F firbrosis decreases the diffusion of oxygen and CO2

Answer 21

false. CO2 diffuses 20 times faster, so it remains (generally) unchanged

Question 22

bronchopulmonary sequestration

Answer 22

> lung tissue without a normal connection to the airway system
appear as mass lesions in infants

Question 23

cor pulmonales

Answer 23

> pulm. press. reaches 25% of the systemic

> normal is ~12%

Question 24

plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy

Answer 24

> primary pulmonary HTN or congenital heart Dz

> has L to R shunts

Question 25

Goodpasture’s syndrome Sx

Answer 25

> glomerulonephritis

> necrotizing, hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis

Question 26

chronic bronchitis criteria

Answer 26

> persistant cough
AND
sputum production for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years

Question 27

pneumoconioses

Answer 27

> non neoplastic lung Dz.

> reaction to inhaled mineral dusts

Question 28

anthracosis

Answer 28

> type of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

> carbon pigment in CT around lymphatics

Question 29

if you are going to get coal worker lung, which type do you want? what type should you avoid?

Answer 29

> anthracosis

> complicated CWP

Question 30

caplan’s syndrome

Answer 30

> RA + nodular lesions of pneumoconiosis

Question 31

silicosis

Answer 31

> most prevalent chronic occupational Dz
slow progressing
NODULAR
fibrosing pneumoconiosis

Question 32

asbestosis

Answer 32

> crystalline, hydrated silica that forms fibers
has two morphologic types with different features
commonly manifests with pleural plaques

Question 33

amphiboles

Answer 33

> more malignant (mesotheloma)
straight, stiff fibers
insoluble
DIFFUSE INTERSITIAL PROCESS

Question 34

asbestos synergy

Answer 34

there is a synergy between tobacco smoking and asbestos leading to BRONCHOGENIC carcinoma

Question 35

asbestos bodies

Answer 35

> golden brown
fusiform or beaded rods
coated with iron containing protein (macrophage ferritin)

Question 36

honeycomb lung

Answer 36

> distorted airspaces

> thick, fibrous walls

Question 37

sarcoidosis

Answer 37

NONCASEATING granulomas

Question 38

Schaumann’s bodies

Answer 38

> of sarcoidosis
laminated concretions made of
>calcium
>proteins

Question 39

asteroid bodies

Answer 39

> stellate inclusions of sarcoidosis

> within giant cells

Question 40

farmer’s lung

Answer 40

> actinomyces spores in hay

> hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 41

pigeon breeder’s lung

Answer 41

> bird proteins

> hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 42

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 42

> response to organic inhaled antigens

Question 43

bronchiolitis obliterans

Answer 43

> chronic NFL after prologed effort to resolve pulmonary injury
bronchiolar repair/injury ==> filling of small airways (bronchioles) with inflammatory fibrous exudate (loose fibrous plugs)

Question 44

KARTAGENER syndrome
what is wrong?
what are the clinical finds?

Answer 44

> primary ciliary dyskinesia
>>> sinusistis
>>> bronchitis
>>> situs inversus
>>> male infertility

Question 45

singer’s nodule

Answer 45

benighn laryngeal polyp

> induced by chronic irritation

Question 46

laryngeal papilloma

Answer 46

benign neoplasm on true vocal cords
> UNILATERAL in adults
> MULTIPLE in kids after HPV and can recur

Question 47

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 47

EBV
> usually a squamous cell carcinoma,
> could also be adenocarcinoma
> malignant

Question 48

bloody pleural effusion is usually from

Answer 48

bloody pleural effusion (serosanguinous)
> malignancy
> TB
> trauma