Renal microbiology Flashcards
What is a UTI?
the presence of micro-organism in the urinary tract that are causing clinical infection
What does a lower UTI mean?
Infection confined to the bladder (cystitis)
What is a complicated UTI?
UTI coplicated by systemic sepsis or urinary structural or stones
What is bateruria
Presence of bacteria in the urine
Who is more prone to UTIs?
Females
Catheterized patients
Patients with anatomical abnormalities
Examples of causal organism of UTI?
E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter sp.
Which is more sensitive to antibiotics Enterococcus faecalis ro enterococcus faecium?
Enterococcus faecalis
What other renal conditions is poteus infection associated wiht?
Formation of stones
What might clinically suggest the infective organism is proteus?
Foul smelling urine
Why does proteus cause an increase in urinary pH?
Produces urease which breaks down urea
Why organism usually affects women of child bearing age?
Staphylococcs saphrophyticus
Which organism is associated with catheterised patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which antibiotic is used to treat pseudomonas?
Ciprofloxacin
Symptoms of lower UTI
Dysuria
Frequency
Haematuria
Symptoms of upper UTI
Same as lower but with fever, loin pain, rigors
What is the ideal urine sample for culture?
MSSU
When does suprapubic aspiration tend to be used to get a urine sample?
Baies & young children
Which organism does not give a positive result for nitrates on dipstick?
Enterococcus spp.
usual findings of UTI on dipstick
Blood
Protein
Nitries
Leuckocyte osterase
According to Kass’ criteria what does >10^5 organisms suggest
Probable UTI
According to Kass’ criteria what does
Bacteruria
What affect does ESBL have on bacteria?
Makes them resistant to all cephalosporins and almost al penicillins
Which antibiotics can be useful against ESBL?
Nitrofuratoin (oral)
Temocillin (IV)
Meopenem (IV)
First line in uncomplicated female lower UTI?
Trimethoprim (3 days)
