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AY Renal > Renal imaging > Flashcards

Renal imaging Flashcards

1
Q

First line image in suspected renal colic

A

X-ray

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2
Q

Which other conditions can simulate renal colic?

A

Pyelonephritis

Gynaecological disease

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3
Q

Imaging used in pregnancy

A

US and/or MRI

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4
Q

Which muscles do normal ureter pass inferiorly over?

A

Psoas muscle

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5
Q

Which sites are calculi prone to getting stuck in?

A

Pelviureeric junction
Pelvic brim
Vesicoureteric junction

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6
Q

Causes of calcification on x-ray (other than renal calculi)

A

Phleboliths
Lymph nodes
Uterine fibroids
Arterial calcification

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7
Q

What is the most definitive test to confirm ureteric calculus?

A

CT

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8
Q

Downsides to CT scanning for calculi

A

Ocassionally struggles to distinguish between claculi & phleboliths in the absence of secondary symptoms
Radiation

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9
Q

How is renal colic followed up?

A

Check progress using simplest test that showed the calculus at presentation

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10
Q

Causes of macroscopic haematuria

A 
Calculi 
Infection 
Tumour 
Urethritis/prostatitis 
Trauma 
Clotting disorders
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11
Q

First line investigation of macroscopic haematuria in over 50’s

A

CT urography

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12
Q

Uses of cystoscopy

A

To confirm tumour

To ablate tumour in patients unfit for nephrourectomy

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13
Q

What is CT contrast urography best for detecting?

A

Renal parenchymal tumours

Urothelial tumours of thew collecting system or ureters

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14
Q

Why is the first line investigation of macroscopic haematuria in the under 50’s not CT urogram?

A

Incidence of urothelial tumours is very low so it’s unjustified radiation

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15
Q

First line investigations of macroscopic haematuria in the under 50’s?

A

US

Cystoscopy

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16
Q

When is an MR urography indicated?

A

Contrast allergy
Renal impairment
Pregnancy

17
Q

What is a fat mass found on CT most likely to be?

A

Angiomyolipoma

18
Q

Solid masses of what size tend to be malignant?

A

> 3cm

19
Q

Imaging for pre-renal disease

A

MR angiography to detect RAS

20
Q

Imaging in renal disease

A

US to guide biopsy

21
Q

What, other than obstruction, can cause hydronephrosis?

A

Ureteric reflux

22
Q

Why is renal size on US helpful in renal impairment?

A

Distinguish between acute & chronic

23
Q

Findings of epididymo-orchitis on US

A

Testis and/or epididymis is hypervascular

24
Q

Findings of testicular torsion on US

A

Testis are avascular

25
Q

Findings of varicoele on US

A

Dilated scrotal venous plexus
Typically on left side
Tortuous veins >2mm in diameter

26
Q

Finding of hydrocoele on US

A

Black anechoic fluid surrounds the testicle

27
Q

Findings of epididymal cyst on US

A

Typically rise within epididymal head

28
Q

Findings of testicular tumour on US

A

Soft tissue mass

May have demonstratable vascularity

29
Q

How is renal trauma best assessed?

A

CT

30
Q

How is bladder rupture best imaged?

A

Cystography or CT cystography (contrast leaks through rupture)

31
Q

What is urethral druption associated with?

A

Anterior pelvic fracture/dislocation

Straddle injury

32
Q

What should you do clinically if you have suspiscion of urethral disruption (meatal bleeding, unable to pee)?

A

Call urology (don’t attempt catheterisation)

33
Q

What imaging is used to define long term stricture formation?

A

Urethrography

34
Q

What non-vascular procedures can be done by interventional radiology?

A

Relief of ureteric obstruction
Drainage of abscess or renal cyst
Biopsy of renal masses
Guided ablation of tumours

35
Q

What vascular procedures can be done by an intervention radiologist?

A

Correction of renal artery stenosis
Control of arterial bleeding sites (embolzation)
Varicocoele embolization

AY Renal (15 decks)

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