Renal Meds

Question 0

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 0

Mannitol

Rapidly working diuretics used for the treatment of early stage Acute Renal Failure (ARF), reduction of intracranial pressure and increased intr- ocular pressure as seen with Glaucoma.

• Multiple adverse effects, the most commonly seen serious adverse effects include: fluid and electrolyte imbalance, HA, marked diuresis and dehydration.
• Observe for rebound increased intra-cranial or intra-ocular pressure.
• May crystallize when exposed to low temperatures and should always be administered through a filter.

Question 1

Loop diuretics

Answer 1

Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetanide (Bumex), Torsemide (Demadex)

Indicated for the treatment of edema associated with heart failure, renal and or hepatic disease. Also used for the treatment of hypercalcemia (increase the renal excretion of calcium) and hypertension.

• Monitor K+ and digoxin levels.
• May be given with low renal perfusion.
• Adverse effects include: dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, transient deafness.

Question 2

K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 2

Spironolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Indicated for the treatment of hypertension, hyperaldosteronism, and to reverse the potassium loss associated with diuretic induced hypokalemia

• Patients should avoid sodium substitutes, K+ supplements and foods high in K+
• Adverse effects include: Hyperkalemia, GI complaints, dizziness and HA

Question 3

Thiazides diuretics

Answer 3

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indicated for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes insipidus and edema associated with steroid therapy, estrogen therapy, heart disease or liver disease.

• Should only be given with adequate renal perfusion.
• Adverse effects include: Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, HA and dehydration.
• HCTZ is contraindicated with known sensitivity to Sulfonamides or Thiazides