Renal labs

Question 1

Azotemia

Answer 1

accumulation of nitrogenous waste (BUN and creatinine will increase)

Question 2

Hematuria

Answer 2

Blood in urine

Question 3

Pyuria

Answer 3

WBC in urine usually due to inflammation not infection

Question 4

oliguria

Answer 4

reduced urine output 100-400ml/day

Question 5

Anuria

Answer 5

<100ml of urine/ day

Question 6

proteinuria/ albuminuria

Answer 6

Protein in urine, loss of filtration barrier

Question 7

ideal GFR marker

Answer 7

inert, freely filtered and not secreted, absorbed or metabolized by kidney. Nothing endogenous fits these

Question 8

Serum creatinine

Answer 8

is an OK marker, is effected by age, sex, weight, muscle mass, nutrition
Produced in muscle

Question 9

increased creatinine

Answer 9

Leads to under estimate
renal issues, large protein intake, exercise, increased muscle mass

Question 10

decreased creatintine

Answer 10

leads to over estimate of GFR
paralysis, elderly, low muscle mass, cirrhosis (no production)

Question 11

Increased BUN

Answer 11

high protein diet, upper GI bleed, dehydration, AKI/CKD

Question 12

Urine colour

Answer 12

indicates amounts of solutes

Question 13

urine turbidity

Answer 13

urates or phosphate crystals or WBC

Question 14

Foamy urine

Answer 14

protein or bile content

Question 15

UAER and UPER

Answer 15

urinary albumin and protein excretion rate. has 24 hour collection 4 hour extrapolated or urine dipstick tests

Question 16

ACR

Answer 16

albumin:creatinine ratio

Question 17

Transient albuminuria

Answer 17

Major exercise, UTI, febrile, congestive heart failure, menstruation, acute increase to bp or glucose