renal ischemia

Question 1

what does a renal infarct look like on biopsy?

Answer 1

wedged shaped with the capsule spared.

Question 2

what is the cause of renal infarct

Answer 2

mural thrombus over MI or valve vegetation

Question 3

what is the clinical presentation of a renal infarct

Answer 3

sometimes pain, often clinically silent. sometime HTN and hematuria.

Question 4

what causes diffuse cortical necrosis?

Answer 4

evidence of DIC. can be pregnancy related, or with septic shock

Question 5

what causes renal papillary necrosis

Answer 5

daibetes (especially with pyelonephritis), analgesic nephropathy, sickle cell anemia, urinary tract obstruction. i general its poor flow in medullary microvessels

Question 6

what is the clinical presentation of NF1

Answer 6

cafe au lait spots optic nerve glioma and pheochromocytoma

Question 7

clinical of prolactinoma

Answer 7

galactorrhea, infertility, pituitary mass effect.

Question 8

insulinoma

Answer 8

hypoglycemia

Question 9

MEN1

Answer 9

hyperParaT, pituitary adenoma, pancreatic islet neoplasm.

Question 10

MEN2a

Answer 10

medullary thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid hyperplasia and pheochromo

Question 11

von hippel-lindau

Answer 11

renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromo

Question 12

what is the relationship between HTN and renal disease

Answer 12

the vicious circle of HTN > artery-nephrosclerosis > renal damage > HTN

Question 13

fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 13

string of beads in renal artery. there is segmental thickening.