Renal Inc Histology

Question 1

What are the lamina rara interna, lamina rara externa, and the lamina densa?

Answer 1

The three layers of the GBM. Can’t be distinguished with light microscopy. The lamina densa is in the middle.

Question 2

What lines the parietal layer of bowmans capsule?

Answer 2

Simple squamous epithelium. The nuclei are visible bulging into bowmans space.

Question 3

What lines the PCT?

Answer 3

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 4

What tissue surrounds the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Answer 4

Mesangium, which has contractile properties

Question 5

What are the adaptations of the simple cuboidal epithelium which lines the PCT?

Answer 5

Brush border, junctional complex between cells, plicae (folds) on cell surfaces, interdigitation of neighbouring cell basal processes, basal striations from all the long mitochondria - ONLY SEEN ON ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
There are lots of mitochondria because this is specialised for the transport of GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS.

Question 6

What do the cells of the THICK ascending loop of henle look like?

Answer 6

Low cuboidal epithelium

Question 7

Which will have a longer thin loop of henle - a cortical or a juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 7

A juxtamedullary one - these are supplied by the vasa recta blood supply and they do more to make the medullary tissue hypertonic. Their henles are long, but the cortical ones are piddly and short.

Question 8

What do the cells of the thin segment of the loop of henle look like?

Answer 8

round in cross-section, no brush border or basal interdigitations, simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

What is the pars recta?

Answer 9

The straight part of the DCT, this is also the thick ascending loop of henle

Question 10

What is the thick ascending loop of henle lined with (also called the pars recta?)

Answer 10

Simple cuboidal epithelium with short microvilli

Question 11

What lines the collecting tubule, and what does this change into in the actual collecting duct?

Answer 11

Simple cuboidal epithelium, some microvilli in the tubule. The collecting duct is simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

What are the functions of the collecting duct?

Answer 12

Re absorb water (assisted by ADH)
Reabsorb Na+
Secrete K+

Question 13

What is between the collecting ducts and the minor calyx?

Answer 13

Papillary ducts or ducts of Bellini

Question 14

What’s the name for where the ducts of Bellini come together at the minor calyx?

Answer 14

Area cribrosa

Question 15

What change occurs at the distal end of the papillary duct?

Answer 15

Simple columnar epithelium is replaced by UROTHELIUM aka transitional epithelium

Question 16

Three adaptations of UROTHELIUM

Answer 16

Umbrella cells (Impermeability)
Concertina / stretching
Junctional complexes, tight cohesion
UROTHELIUM is stratified cuboidal epithelium (like a brick wall)

Question 17

In an AP view, what’s the order top to bottom of structures at the kidney hilum?

Answer 17

V-A-U (like VAN in the intercostal groove): vein, artery, ureter

Question 18

Which has a bigger lumen, PCT or DCT?

Answer 18

DCT

Question 19

Two cell types in the collecting duct

Answer 19

Principal and intercalated, the principal ones are the ones with microvilli that do reabsorption

Question 20

What are pedicels?

Answer 20

The secondary processes of the podocytes in the inner layer of the bowmans capsule. These surround the capillaries of the glomerulus and the fenestration slits are between.

Question 21

What are the three muscular layers of the bladder called?

Answer 21

Detrusor muscle

Question 22

What secretes mucus into the urethra which protects it?

Answer 22

Glands of littre

Question 23

What’s the major difference between the male urethra and the female urethra?

Answer 23

In the male there is prostatic, membranous and spongy urethra: transitional, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, stratified columnar and finally stratified squamous, unlike in the female where it is transitional then non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

What do the bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 24

Secrete lubrication and clear fluid into the ureter

Question 25

What glands are at the most distal end of the male urethra?

Answer 25

Paraurethral glands