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Shelf - FM > Renal/GU (27) > Flashcards

Renal/GU (27) Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of sildenafil

what type of meds can have adverse hypotensive reaction?

A

PDE5 inhibitor - Nitric Oxide potentiation

antiretroviral medications can increase PDE4 inhibitor levels.

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2
Q

MOA of BPH treatment (terazosin, tamsulosin, doxazosin)

A

alpha receptor blockade

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3
Q

DoC class for HTN and tachycardia

A

beta blockers (metoprolol, labetalol, carvedilol)

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4
Q

Someone is taking nitrate medication (nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate) and begins a new drug - get hypoT, syncope, stroke, cardiac arrest. What type of drug was added?

A

PDE5 inhibitor - a NO potentiator

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5
Q

normal GFR range and decrease after 30y

A

120-130 mL/min/1.73m2

decr by 1mL/yr

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6
Q

At what stage of CKD is eGFR 30-49mL/min/1.73m2 and complications start to become evident?

A

stage 3 CKD

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7
Q

At what stage of CKD is eGFR 15-29mL/min/1.73m2 and complications start to become evident? What should clinician and pt begin preparing for here?

A

stage 4CKD

renal transplant

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8
Q

At what stage of CKD is eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73m2?

A

stage 5

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9
Q

?stage = eGFR >90(to 120) mL/min/1.73m2?

A

stage 1

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10
Q

?stage = eGFR 60-89mL/min/1.73m2?

A

stage2

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11
Q

?stage = eGFR45-590mL/min/1.73m2 and start to experience complications

A

stage 3a

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12
Q

What results from retrograde passage of urine in the prostatic urethra into the spermatic duct. It is common in YA males, MCC Chlamydia and E coli in older.
Inflammation of tightly coiled segment of spermatic duct located adjacent to posterior aspect of testicle.

A

Epididymitis

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13
Q

What is the Prehn sign in epididymitis?

A

pain improved when testicle elevated in scrotum

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14
Q

DoC for chlamydia

A

azithromycin (or doxycycline)

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15
Q

Tx of choice for Chlamydia/gonorrhea

A

azithro or doxy + ceftriaxone or cefixime

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16
Q

Gross hematuria (RED) with clots in a child - what source does this indicate and what is next step?

A

indicates extraglomerular bleed source in urinary tract (cystic kidney, stones, tumor)

renal/bladder US

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17
Q

child with painless hematuria with tea/cola urine

A

glomerular disease

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18
Q

> 3.5g/24hr urine protein collection OR

urine protein/Cr 3.0-3.5 = ___dx

A

nephrotic syndrome - increased glom permeability to macromolecules like albumin (edema and wt gain)

19
Q

All five are MC common complications of ___

  • Malnutrition (protein wasting in urine and bowel edema)
  • Hypovolemia (over-diuresis, esp with albumin levels less than 1.5
  • AKI
  • Infection (MCC of death)
  • Thromboembolism
A

nephrotic syndrome

20
Q

classic triad for ___:

hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal or flank mass

A

renal cell carcinoma

21
Q

hemangioblastomas in cerebellum and SC, retinal angiomas, pheo, neuroendocrine tumors of pancreast, clear cell RCCa, etc

A

VHL disease

22
Q

male >40y w/ painless hematuria. dx with cystoscopy and tissue analysis. MCC of bladder cancer

A

transitional (urothelial) cell Carcinoma

23
Q

hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria

A

nephrotic syndrome

24
Q

MC form of the type of renal dz that presents with hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria in a child

A

Minimal change disease

25
Q

what often preceeds minimal change disease in children.

tx of MCD?

A

respiratory infection

CS

26
Q

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adolescents and adults. idiopathic or w/ HIV or IV heroin use.

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

27
Q

nephrotic syndrome associated with hep B/C, SLE, malginancy in adults

A

membranous nephropathy.

28
Q

hematuria, edema, HTN, group A beta-hemolytic strep infectin(pharyngitis or impetigo) 2wks prior. tea/cola colored urine. HTN possible. C3 decreased non nephrotic levels of proteinuria

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

29
Q

Malabsorption of FA and bile salts in gut in pts with Inflammatory bowel dz (CD/UC). Lead to increase of oxalate absorption compared to ___. leads to increased risk of ____

A

lead to increase of oxalate absorption compared to CALCIUM. leads to increased risk of CALCIUM OXALATE STONE FORMATION

free Ca in intestinal lumen become bound to FA and not absorbed into body –> leads to incr oxalate abs. ENTERIC HYPEROXALURIA

30
Q

describe the clinical presentation fo a male iwth a congenital malformation of the procesus vaginalis

A

testicular torsion - male has sudden, severe scrotal pain associated with N/V. tender, edematous, erythematous testicle and scrotum with ABSENCE of cremasteric reflex.

31
Q

tx for testicualr torsion

A

surgical repair

32
Q

urine dipstick positive for heme, but neg for RBC. athlete

A

rhabdomyolysis

33
Q

painless testicular mass with hematogenous spread, particularly to brain. 15-34y. US revels hemorrhage and necrotic area.

A

testicular chorioCa

34
Q

what do testicular chorioCa secrete?

A

beta-hCG

35
Q

AFP found in…

A

yolk sac tumors

36
Q

naproxen MOA and AE

A

COX-inhibitors, so stop already synthesized COX, which stops AA conversion to LT and PGs (PGs responsible for vasodilation of renal vasculature)

possible NSAID induced AKI

37
Q

MC in 10-30y. Often associated with cirrhosis, celiac, HIV. recurrent episodes of frank hematuria, usually FIVE DAYS after URI or after athletic exertion. Renal biopsy reveals…. ___ dx?

A

IgA nephropathy (heamturia with RBC casts, mild-moderate proteinuria) . IgA deposits in mesangium.

38
Q

difference in timing bw hematuria in IgA nephropathy v. post-strep glomerulonephritis

A

IgA=5days

PSGN = 1-3wks, resolving in 3-6mo

39
Q

painless, unilateral left sided scrotal swelling in adolescents/YA. bag of worms feel. mass distinct from testicle. disappears when supine. does not transilluminate

A

varicocele

40
Q

painless, fluid filled cyst located at head of epididymis. mass distinct from testicle, does not transilluminate

A

spermatocele.

41
Q

suspect what?

FHx of kidney disease and intracranial aneurysm who presents with sx of colicky abdominal pain and frank hematuria

A

ADPKD - evidence of ruptured renal cyst.

first step is renal US

42
Q

a male infant: grunts and strains while urinating, FTT, urosepsis (fever, tender above pubic symphysis, tachycardia), UTI, distended abdomen, oligohydraminos/lung hypoplasia neonates

dx

A

posterior urethral valve - membranous fold within posterior urethra that cause urinary obstruction.

voiding cystourethrogram

43
Q

rate of sodium correction. if exceeded, risk osmotic demyelination syndrome. why?

A

not exceeding 0.5-1 mEq/L/hr, 8-12 mEq/L/hr, and/or 18 mEq/L in first 48 hrs

bc osmotic pull by rapidly increased sodium around brain cells causes brain volume to shrink quickly. compression of myelin sheath by cellular edema

Shelf - FM (14 decks)

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