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Shelf - FM > Cardio/Neuro (40) > Flashcards

Cardio/Neuro (40) Flashcards

1
Q

Vibratory/muscial systolic ejection murmur loudest @ LLSB in a child that increases when the pt lies down. What is it and what do you do next?

A

parental reassurance of the Still’s murmur. innocent murmur

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2
Q

what class of monotherapy for hyperlipidemia shows clear improvement in overall mortality

A

statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

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3
Q

second line hyperlipidemia medication to add to statin (never a monotherapy)

A

ezetimibe (inhibit dietary absorption of cholesterol by binding Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein)

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4
Q

Diastolic rumbling murmur without an opening snap. Widened pulse pressure, head bobbing, uvula pulsations, etc.

A

AR

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5
Q

Apex. Diastolic rumbling murmur with an opening snap.

A

MS

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6
Q

Apex. Late systolic murmur preceded by a click

A

MVP

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7
Q

L2ICS. Harsh crescendo-decrescendo, mid-systolic ejectino murmur with palpable thrill.

A

PS

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8
Q

L2ICS. early diastolic, high pitched, blowing decrescendo murmur

A

PR

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9
Q

mid diastolic rumbling murmur with opening spap and wide splitting S1

A

TS

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10
Q

holosystolic murmur incrasing intensity with inspiration

A

TR

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11
Q

dx + test: 50+yo w/ HA, tenderness of scalp, jaw caludication, visual changes

A

temporal arteritis

ESR, then biospy

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12
Q

DoC for ALS

A

riluzole

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13
Q

botulism in (

A

babies - ingestion of clostridial

adults - ingestion of preformed botulinum toxin

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14
Q

hyperlipidemia drug that causes myopathy and hepatotoxicity

A

statins

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15
Q

tx for giant cell (temporal) arteritis WITH visual disturbances vs. WITHOUT

A

WITH = IV methylprednisolone for >3 days then oral prednisone

WITHOUT = oral prednisone

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16
Q

Dx and tx: tachycardia, narrow QRS, no P-waves.

A

SVT

vagal maneuver, then adenosine (AVnode blocking agent)

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17
Q

**friction rub = ??

sx: chest pain worse w/ deep inspiration and improves w/ leaning forward

PE: friction run

EKG: ST elevation

A

pericardial friction rub = pericarditis (inflamm of pericardial sac = thickened pericardial membrane and/or pericardial effusion)

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18
Q

MCC of dementia >65 and

A

> 65 = Alzheimers

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19
Q

Tx of moderate to severe migraines in pregnancy

A

sumitriptan (avoid long half life of frovatriptan)

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20
Q

Menstrual migraines DoC

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. triptans(suma)
  3. OCP
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21
Q

young teen with brief, arrhythmic, involuntary, bilateral UE myoclonic jerks w/o LoC.

A

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

22
Q

systolic crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur loudest at RUSB that radiates to neck.

Elderly w/ syncope, angina, dyspnea dt HF

A

AS - age related calcification of AV

23
Q

Dx and first line of testing: young active person with crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur at LLSB worsened w/ valsalva.

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (Interventricular septum hypertrophy)

echocardiogram

24
Q

when is genetic testing appropriate for heart malformaiton?

A

left ventricular hypertrophy ID’d on echo.

25
Q

infant with FTT, poor feeding, diaphroesis, holosystolic murmur at LLSB

A

VSD - volume overlaod and CHF. left to right shunt

ACYONOTIC (PDA and ASD too)

26
Q

dx test for peripheral arterial occlusive disease

A

ankle-brachial index (systolic of affected ankle/systolic of arm) THEN angiography

27
Q

asx in childhood. wide fixed, split S2 heart sound that maybe accompanied by systolic ejection murmur at left upper sternal border.

A

ASD

28
Q

progressive prolongation of PR interval on consecutive beats eentually followed by dropped P wave and no QRS

A

type one, second degree AV block (Mobitz1)

disturbance in conduction through AV node

29
Q

PR interval remains constant with intermittent dropped P wave and no QRS (i.e .3 normal cycles:1dropped P wave and no QRS)

A

type two, second degree AV block (mobitz2)

disturbance in AVn His-Purkinje

30
Q

PR interval >0.2sec

Narrow QRS, regular P-P interval, slowed conduction of P-waves

A

first degree AV block

31
Q

wide QRS, regular P-P interval, no conduted P-waves (P-QRS independent)

A

third degree AV block

32
Q

erb duchenne palsy associated with what?

A

prolonged 2nd stag elabor (>120min), multiparity, large for gestational age infants (90th percentile, >4000g), previous infant with brachial plexus injury

33
Q

Dx steps for Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

CSF, Nerve conduction studies

34
Q

recommended Infective Endocarditis prophylaxis

A

amoxicillin for those with unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease and those iwth prosthetic valves. also and congenital heart dz repaired w/ prosthetic material for first 6mo.

35
Q

LDL goal in nondiabetic, very healthy, none-one risk factors

LDL goal if two or more risk factors

LDL goal if CV disease or DM or CAD, rardless of risk factors

A

less than 160

less than 140

less than 100

risk factors: Males more than 45y, F greater than 55 y, HDL less than 40, smoker, HTN greater than 140 or controlled with HTN meds, premature CAD in family in M less than 55/female less than 65

36
Q

HDL goal

A
37
Q

CHF pts should not receive what class of drug for pain?

A

NSAIDs - they cause Na and H20 retention

38
Q

muscle pain relieved by rest in a smoker/HTN/DM

A

peripheral artery disease secondary to atherosclerosis

intermittent claudications

39
Q

SE and CI to ethosuximide

A

pancytopenia

40
Q

max HR from SA node = ?

A

220-age

41
Q

max HR from AV node = ?

A

40-60 per min

42
Q

max HR fro m ventricles = ?

A
43
Q

stroke risk factor that is most improtant

A

HTN

44
Q

recommended age for aspirin to prevent MI in @risk v. not

A

45-79

55-79

45
Q

central v peripheral nerve palsy

A

central spares the forehead (involved UMN) - can wrinkle forehead

peripheral - unilateral muscle paralysis f entire face

46
Q

most effective first line treatment for insomnia

A

CBT

47
Q

repair an AAA when?

A

> 5.5cm

48
Q

screen 4-4.5cm AAA how often

A

q6mo

49
Q

if a person in asystole, when two meds can be used?

A

epinepherine and vasopressin

no electrical defibrillation

50
Q

acute onset unilateral weakness or speech impairment that resolves within 1hr

A

TIA - MRI is best next step

51
Q

Dx and tx: episodes of severe I/L periorbital HA with ipsilateral lacrimation and/orrhinorrhea

A

cluster HA

100%O2

Shelf - FM (14 decks)

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