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AUBF LEC > Renal Function and RFT > Flashcards

Renal Function and RFT Flashcards

1
Q

3 Functions of Kidney

A
  1. Maintain Homeostasis
  2. Excrete Waste Products
  3. Maintain BP and Erythropoiesis
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2
Q

4 Renal Function#

A
  1. Renal Blood Flow
  2. Glomerular Filtration
  3. Tubular Reabsorption
  4. Tubular Secretion
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3
Q

This supplies blood to kidney

A

Renal Artery

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4
Q

The kidney receives how many percent of blood flow?

A

25%

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5
Q

Average Body Size

A

1.73 m²

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6
Q

Total Renal Blood Flow?

A

1200 mL/min

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7
Q

Total Renal Plasma Flow

A

600-700 mL/min

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8
Q

The flow of Renal Blood Flow (7)

A
  1. Renal Artery
  2. Afferent Arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Efferent Arteriole
  5. Peritubular Capillaries
  6. Vasa Recta
  7. Renae Vein
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9
Q

The Glomerulus consist of _____

A

Capillary Tuft

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10
Q

This serves as a sieve or a filter of plasma substance

A

Glomerulus

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11
Q

The Glomerulus is located within?

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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12
Q

3 Factors that influence the actual filtration process

A
  1. Cell Structure of Capillary Walls
  2. Glomerular Pressure
  3. Feedback mechanism of RAAS
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13
Q

2 types of glomerular pressure

A
  1. Hydrostatic
  2. Oncotic
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14
Q

Main Goal of Glomerulus Cellular Layers?

A

Prevent Large molecules to pass through urine

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15
Q

Cellular layer that contains pores referred to as Fenestrated

A

Capillary Wall Membrane

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16
Q

Cellular layers with the restriction of large molecules

A

Basement Membrane or Basal Lamina

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17
Q

Cellular layer with thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed by the intertwining foot processes of the podocytes

A

Visceral Epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule

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18
Q

Glomerular pressure that is related to the activity of efferent and afferent Arterioles

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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19
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure is the autoregulatory mechanism within what part of the Glomerulus?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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20
Q

Dilation of afferent Arterioles and constriction of the efferent Arterioles occur when?

A

BP Drops

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21
Q

Meaning of RAAS

A

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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22
Q

It regulates the flow of blood to and within the Glomerulus

A

RAAS

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23
Q

RAAS Responds to changes in _____ and ______

A

Blood Pressure and Plasma Sodium Content

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24
Q

RAAS is monitored by what apparatus?

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

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25
Q

4 Functions of Angiotensin II

A
  1. Vasodilation of Afferent A. & Vasoconstriction of Efferent A.
  2. Stimulate Sodium Reabsorption in PCT
  3. Release of Aldosterone from Adrenal Cortex
  4. Release ADH from Hypothalamus
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26
Q

2 Reabsorption Mechanisms

A
  1. Active Transport
  2. Passive Transport
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27
Q

Substance to be reabsorbed must combine to a carrier protein contained in the membranes of renal tubular cells

A

Active Transport

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28
Q

Plasma Concentration at which active transport stops

A

Renal Threshold

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29
Q

Renal Threshold for Glucose is?

A

160-180 mg/dl

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30
Q

Movement of molecules across membrane as a result of differences in their concentration or electrical potential

A

Passive Transport

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31
Q

All parts of the tubules can reabsorb water except?

A

Ascending Loop of Henle

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32
Q

4 Substances under Active Transport and their locations

A
  1. glucose ( PCT )
  2. Amino Acid ( PCT )
  3. Salts ( PCT )
  4. Sodium (PCT/DCT)
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33
Q

3 substances under Passive Transport and their locations

A
  1. Water ( PCT, DLH, CD)
  2. Urea ( PCT, ALH )
  3. Sodium ( ALH )
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34
Q

Tubular Concentration begins in?

A

Descending/Ascending Loop of Henle

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35
Q

What is removed by Osmosis in the DLH?

A

Water

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36
Q

2 that are reabsobred in the Ascending Loop of Henle

A
  1. Sodium
  2. Chloride
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37
Q

This serves to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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38
Q

Reabsorption in the Collecting Duct Concentration depends on? (2)

A
  1. Osmotic Gradient in Medulla
  2. Vasopressin ADH
39
Q

If Body Hydration is High:

A

Low ADH and High Urine Volume

40
Q

If body hydration is low?

A

ADH increases and Urine Volume Decreases

41
Q

2 Major Functions of Tubular Secretion

A
  1. Eliminate Waste products
  2. Regulates Acid-Base Balance
42
Q

Acts as buffer to the blood maintaining normal pH

A

Bicarbonate

43
Q

Standard test to measure filtering capacity of glomeruli

A

Clearance Test

44
Q

Standard Test for Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Urea Clearance Test

45
Q

Reference Method for Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Inulin Clearance Test

46
Q

This demonstrates progression of renal disease

A

Urea Clearance Test

47
Q

This test is not routinely done for continuous IV Infusion

A

Inulin Clearance Test

48
Q

Priming Dose of Inulin Clearance Test

A

25 ml 10% Inulin Solution

49
Q

Continuous Infusion under Inulin Clearance Test

A

500 ml of 1.5% Inulin Solution

50
Q

Inulin Clearance Test Reference Values

A

Female - 118 ml/min
Male - 127 ml/min

51
Q

Commonly Used and Screening method of Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Creatinine Clearance

52
Q

Waste product of muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

53
Q

Creatinine Clearance Reference Values

A

Female = 75-112 ml/min
Male = 82-125 ml/min

54
Q

Standard Body Surface?

A

1.73

55
Q

Creatinine Clearance Significance (3)

A
  1. Extent of Nephron Damage
  2. Effectiveness of treatment
  3. Feasibility of administering medications
56
Q

6 Disadvantages of Creatinine Clearance Test

A
  1. Some crea is secreted by tubules
  2. Chromogens in Plasma
  3. Medications causing False Decrease
  4. Crea breakdown by bacteria
  5. Heavy Diet Influence
  6. Muscle Wasting Disease Interference
57
Q

Normal Creatinine Clearance Value

A

120 ml/min

58
Q

Normal Reference Range of Plasma Creatinine

A

0.5-1.5 mg/dl

59
Q

Clearance Test that is indirect estimate of GFR?

A

Cystatin C

60
Q

Specimen for Cystatin C?

A

Serum or Plasma

61
Q

Increased levels of Cystatin C indicates? (2)

A
  1. Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
  2. Diabetic Nephropathy
62
Q

Method used for Cystatin C?

A

Immunoassay

63
Q

Dissociates from human leukocyte antigens at constant rate

A

Beta 2 Microglobulin

64
Q

Clearance Test not reliable for patients who have history of immunologic disorder

A

Beta 2 Microglobulin

65
Q

Method used for Beta 2 Microglobulin

A

Enzyme Immunoassay

66
Q

Monitor Patients already diagnosed with renal disease or at risk

A

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates

67
Q

Meaning of MDRD

A

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease

68
Q

Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease Description and GFR

A

Moderate decrease // 30-59 ml/min

69
Q

at what stage of Chronic Kidney Disease does 15-29 ml/min categorize?

A

Stage 4

70
Q

GFR of Stage 1 Chronic Kidney Disease

A

≥90

71
Q

GFR of Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease

A

60-89 ml/min

72
Q

The ability of tubules to reabsorb the essential salts and water that have been nonselectively filtered by glomerulus

A

Concentration Test

73
Q

Specific Gravity of Urine before entering the renal tubules

A

1.010

74
Q

2 Tests for Specific Gravity

A
  1. Fishberg Test
  2. Mosenthal Test
75
Q

Test wherein patients were deprived of fluids for 24 hours prior to measuring SG

A

Fishberg Test

76
Q

Test wherein it compares the volume and specific gravity of urine day and night samples

A

Mosenthal Test

77
Q

Tubular Reabsorption Test wherein number of particles are involved

A

Osmolality

78
Q

Specific Gravity is influenced by ____ and ____ of particles

A
  1. number
  2. density
79
Q

What does not contribute to the evaluation of renal concentration? (2)

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Urea
80
Q

2 Types of Osmometers

A
  1. Freezing Point
  2. Vapor Pressure
81
Q

Principle of Freezing Point Osmometer

A

Measurement of Freezing Point Depression

82
Q

Temperature at which water and ice are in equilibrium

A

Freezing Point

83
Q

Temperature at which water vapor condenses to a liquid

A

Dew Point

84
Q

Standard Reference for Osmometers

A

NaCl

85
Q

Inadequate presentation of the substance to the capillaries owing to decreases renal blood flow

A

Impaired Tubular Secretory Ability

86
Q

Inadequate presentation of the substance to the capillaries owing to decreases renal blood flow

A

Impaired Tubular Secretory Ability

87
Q

Test commonly associated with tubular Secretion and renal blood flow

A

p-aminohippuric acid test (PAH)

88
Q

A normal person excretes approximately ______ of Titratable Acid

A

70 mEq/day

89
Q

When was the urine at it’s lowest pH?

A

Night

90
Q

H+ is used for?

A

Secretion

91
Q

NH³ is used for? (2)

A

Production and Secretion

92
Q

The inability to produce an acid urine in the presence of metabolic acidosis

A

Renal Tubular Acidosis

93
Q

Renal Tubular Acidosis is the impaired tubular secretion of _____ associated with the _____

A

Hydrogen Ions / PCT

94
Q

Defects in ______ secretion associated with _____

A

Ammonia / DCT

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

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