Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF LEC > Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

_____ was actually the beginning of lab medicine

A

Analyzing Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

References to the study of urine can be found in the drawings of cavemen and in ______

A

Egyptian Hieroglyphics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who wrote the book about Egyptian Hieroglyphics to and what is it’s title?

A

Edwin Smith / Surgical Papyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pictures of Early Physicians commonly showed them examining what?

A

Bladder Shaped Flask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 Physical Characteristics of Urine

A
  1. Color
  2. Clarity
  3. Odor
  4. Volume
  5. pH
  6. Specific Gravity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is the Father of Medicine and wrote the book on Uroscopy?

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When did Hippocrates wrote the book on Uroscopy?

A

5th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When and What had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors?

A

1140 AD / Color Charts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 Old chemical tests for glucose?

A
  1. Ant Testing
  2. Taste Testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did Frederik Dekker discover albuminuria?

A

By boiling urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When and who discovered Albuminuria by boiling urine?

A

1694 / Frederik Dekkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you call the charlatans that provides false information?

A

Pisse Prophets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Pisse Prophets became the subject of the book published by whom and when?

A

Thomas Bryant / 1627

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was invented in the 17th Century?

A

Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who discovered the methods for quantitating the microscope sediments?

A

Thomas Addis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When and who implemented the concept of urinalysis as a part of doctor’s routine examination?

A

1827 / Richard Bright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When did Urinalysis began to disappear from routine examinations?

A

1930s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ____ is the only organ with such noninvasive means by which to directly evaluate its status.

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Urine is an _____ of Plasma

A

Ultrafiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to CLSI, Urinalysis is commonly performed in an….. (5)

A
  1. Expeditious
  2. Reliable
  3. Accurate
  4. Safe
  5. Cost Effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reasons for performing Urinalysis (4)

A
  1. Aids Diagnosis of Disease
  2. Screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorders
  3. Monitor Progress of Disease
  4. Monitor Effectiveness of Theraphy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 Essential to Body Function

A
  1. Reabsorption of Water
  2. Filtered Substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Average daily output of urine?

A

1200 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 Main components Of Urinary System

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Ureters
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This is where urine is formed by filtration of blood

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Carries the urine to the bladder

A

Ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stores the urine produced

A

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Delivers the urine for Excretion

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 Internal Structure of the Kidney

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Medulla
  3. Renal Pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The outer layer of the kidney and it is located just below the Renal Capsule

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Regions of the Cortex

A

Renal Columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Innermost part of the kidney

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as?

A

Renal Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney

A

Renal Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Approximately how many nephron in each kidney?

A

1 - 1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

2 Types of Nephron

A
  1. Cortical
  2. Juxtamedullary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Approximately how many percent is the Cortical Nephron?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Approximately how many percent is the Juxtamedullary Nephron?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Responsible for the removal of waste products and Reabsorption

A

Cortical Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

it’s primary function is the concentration of urine

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

9 Parts of Nephron

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Bowman’s Capsule
  3. PCT
  4. Loop of Henle
  5. DCT
  6. Afferent Arteriole
  7. Efferent Arteriole
  8. Peritubular Capillaries
  9. Vasa Recta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Glomerulus is also known as?

A

Renal Corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Glomerulus consists of how many capillary lobes which is also called?

A

8 / Capillary Tuft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where is the point of entry for Unfiltered blood?

A

Afferent Arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Point of Exit for Filtered Blood?

A

Efferent Arteriole

47
Q

This surrounds the PCT and DCT?

A

Peritubular Capillaries

48
Q

It is located adjacent to the A/D Loop of henle

A

Vasa Recta

49
Q

It is responsible for the salt concentration

A

Vasa Recta

50
Q

Urine composition (2)

A
  1. 95% Water
  2. 5% Solutes
51
Q

4 Organic Components of Urine

A
  1. Urea
  2. Creatinine
  3. Uric Acid
  4. Hippuric Acid
52
Q

Major organic component

53
Q

Urea is a product of ____ and _____

A

Protein / Amino Acid Metabolites

54
Q

Creatinine is a product of _____ by _____

A

Creatinine metabolism / Muscles

55
Q

Common component in kidney stones

56
Q

Uric Acid is derived from ________

A

Catabolism of Nucleic Acid

57
Q

Inorganic Components of Urine (7)

A
  1. Cl
  2. Na
  3. K
  4. Sulfate
  5. Phosphate
  6. Ammonium
  7. Ca
58
Q

Primary Inorganic Component

59
Q

This is primarily from salt

60
Q

Potassium can be combined with?

61
Q

This is derived from amino acids

62
Q

Combines with Sodium to buffer blood

63
Q

This regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

64
Q

Calcium combines with ___, _____ and ______

A
  1. Chloride
  2. Sulfate
  3. Phosphate
65
Q

The single most useful substance that identifies a fluid as urine is?

A

High Creatinine Concentration (50x of Plasma)

66
Q

3 other concentrations of that are higher in urine than other body fluids

A
  1. Urea
  2. Sodium
  3. Chloride
67
Q

Normal Daily Urine output range is?

A

1200 - 1500 ml

68
Q

A decrease in urine output

69
Q

Urine volume considered as Oliguria for infants?

A

<1ml/kg/hr

70
Q

Urine volume considered as Oliguria for children and adults?

A

<0.5ml/kg/hr & <400ml/day

71
Q

Cessation of Urine Flow

72
Q

Increase nocturnal Excretory of urine

73
Q

Increase in daily urine volume

74
Q

urine volume considered as Polyuria for adult?

A

> 2.5 L / Day

75
Q

Urine volume considered as Polyuria for children

A

> 2.5-3 mL/kg/day

76
Q

Polyuria is associated with what diseases? (2)

A
  1. Diabetes Mellitus
  2. Diabetes Insipidus
77
Q

Polyuria is artificially induced by? (3)

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Caffeine
  3. Alcohol
78
Q

Dilute Urine with High SG

79
Q

Dilute Urine with low SG

80
Q

Caused by defect in production of insulin

81
Q

Decrease in production of ADH

82
Q

Exceed Renal Threshold for glucose

83
Q

Water is not reabsorbed from plasma filtrate

84
Q

Urine container for Pediatrics

85
Q

Routine Urinalysis requires how many mL of Urine?

86
Q

Specimens should be tested within?

87
Q

6 types of specimen

A
  1. First Morning Specimen
  2. Random Specimen
  3. Fasting Specimen
  4. 2-Hour PostPrandial Specimen
  5. GT Specimen
  6. 24 Hour Specimen
88
Q

First Morning is also known as?

A

8 Hour Specimen

89
Q

Ideal Screening Specimen

A

First Morning Specimen

90
Q

It is a concentrated specimen and is essential for preventing false-negative pregnancy

A

8 Hour Specimen

91
Q

First morning specimen is for the evaluation of what disease?

A

Orthostatic Proteinuria

92
Q

Satisfactory for routine screening

A

Random Specimen

93
Q

Capable of detecting abnormalities

A

Random Specimen

94
Q

Fasting Specimen is also known as?

A

Second Morning

95
Q

To collect specimen 2 hours after eating

A

2 Hour post prandial

96
Q

Results of 2 Hour post prandial specimen are used primarily for?

A

Insulin Therapy Monitoring

97
Q

Urine is tested for Glucose and Ketones

A

Glucose Tolerance Specimen

98
Q

Specimen used for Quantitative Assay

A

24 Hour Specimen

99
Q

Less traumatic method for obtaining urine

A

Midstream Clean Catch Specimen

100
Q

Midstream clean catch Specimen is used for? (2)

A
  1. Bacterial Cultures
  2. Routine Urinalysis
101
Q

Insertion of a sterile catheter through urethra

A

Catheterized Specimen

102
Q

Involves collecting urine directly from bladder

A

Suprapubic Aspiration Specimen

103
Q

Specimen used for cytologic examination

A

Suprapubic Examination

104
Q

Prostatitis Specimen is also known as?

A

Three Glass Collection

105
Q

Order of Containers and contents in Prostatitis Specimen

A
  1. First Passed Urine
  2. Midstream Portion
  3. Urine with Prostatic Fluid
  4. Post Prostatic Massage Urine
106
Q

1st Container for Prostatitis Specimen Detects?

A

Urethral Infection or Inflammation

107
Q

2nd Container for Prostatitis Specimen Detects?

A

Urinary Bladder Infection

108
Q

3rd and 4th container for prostatitis Specimen detects?

A

Prostatic Infection

109
Q

Provides documentation of proper sample identification for drug testing

A

Chain of Custody

110
Q

Volume required for drug testing

111
Q

Urine temperature for drug testing must be checked within?

A

4 mins (32.5-37.7°c)

112
Q

Most Routinely used method of preservation is?

A

Refrigeration

113
Q

Refrigeration preservation is at what degrees celsius?

114
Q

Criteria for Ideal Preservative (4)

A
  1. Bactericidal
  2. Inhibit Urease
  3. Preserves Formed Elements
  4. Must not interfere with the chem tests

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions