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Chemical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

10 Parameters of Reagent Strip

A
  1. Protein
  2. Glucose
  3. Specific Gravity
  4. pH
  5. Leukocytes
  6. Urobilinogen
  7. Nitrite
  8. Blood
  9. Bilirubin
  10. Ketones
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2
Q

6 Care tips for Reagent Strip

A
  1. Not expose to volatile fumes
  2. Not exposed to temperature<30°
  3. Not used past expiration date
  4. Stored with Dessicant in Light Sensitive bottle
  5. Not use Discolored Pads
  6. Remove prior use
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3
Q

2 Organs associated with pH

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Lungs
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4
Q

pH range for First Morning Urine

A

5-6

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5
Q

pH range for Random Specimen

A

4.5-8

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6
Q

Acidic Urine Clinical Indications (3)

A
  1. DM
  2. Dehydration
  3. Diarrhea
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7
Q

Alkaline Urine Indications (4)

A
  1. Acidosis
  2. Vomiting
  3. Vegetarian
  4. Old Specimen
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8
Q

pH Clinical Significance (4)

A
  1. Acidosis / Alkalosis
  2. Renal Calculi
  3. Identify Crystals
  4. Treat UTI
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9
Q

Principle of Reagent Strip for pH?

A

Double Indicator System of Methyl Red and Bromthymol Blue

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10
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 4-6

A

Red - Yellow

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11
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 6-9

A

Yellow to Blue

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12
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 5 and 9

A

Orange / Green

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13
Q

This parameter is indicative of Renal Disease

A

Protein

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14
Q

Protein from tubules

A

Tamm-Horsfall Protein

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15
Q

What value indicates Proteinuria

A

> 30 mg/dl

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16
Q

3 Significances of Proteinuria?

A

Pre - Renal , Post - Renal , Renal Proteinuria

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17
Q

what Protein is associated with Multiple Myeloma?

A

Bence Jones Protein

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18
Q

Screening Test for BJP?

A

Solubility

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19
Q

Confirmatory Test for BJP?

A

Serum Electrophoresis

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20
Q

4 Types of Renal Proteinuria

A
  1. Glomerular
  2. Tubular
  3. Orthostatic
  4. Microalbuminuria
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21
Q

Glomerular Proteinuria indicates increase in? (3)

A
  1. RBCs
  2. CHON
  3. WBCs
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22
Q

Fanconi Syndrome is under what type of Proteinuria?

A

Tubular Proteinuria

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23
Q

Proteinuria related to posture and is common in Young Adults

A

Orthostatic Proteinuria

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24
Q

2 Methods of collection for Orthostatic Proteinuria

A
  1. First Morning
  2. After Standing posture
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25
Disease related to Microalbuminuria
Diabetic Nephropathy
26
Disease related to Post-Renal Proteinuria
Lower Urinary Tract Infection
27
Principle of Protein in Reagent Strip
Protein Error of Indicators
28
Reagent for Multistix in Protein
Tetrabromphenol Blue
29
Reagent for Chemstrip in Protein
Tetrachlorophenol
30
Protein False + (4)
1. QAC 2. High SG 3. Antiseptic 4. Loss of Buffer
31
Principle of Micral Test
Enzyme Immunoassay
32
Principle of Immunodip
Immunochromographics
33
Reagent and Positive result for Heat & Acetic Acid Test
Acetic Acid / White Cloudiness
34
Reagent and Positive result for Exton's Test
Sodium Sulfate / White Ring
35
Reagent and Positive result for Heller's Ring Test
Concentrated Nitric Acid / White Opaque Ring
36
Reagent and Positive result for Purdy's Test
50% Acetic Acid / White Cloudiness
37
Reagent and Positive result for Picric Acid Test
Saturated Solution of Picric Acid/ Precipitation
38
Reagent and Positive result for Robert's Ring Test
Magnesium Sulfate / White Ring
39
Clinical Association to Hyperglycemia (5)
1. DM 2. Pancreatitis 3. Hyperthyroidism 4. Stress 5. Gestational Diabetes
40
Renal Clinical Association of Glucose (4)
1. Fanconi Syndrome 2. Advance Renal Disease 3. Osteomalacia 4. Pregnant
41
Reagent Strip pad for glucose is composed of? (4)
1. glucose Oxidase 2. Glucose Peroxidase 3. Chromogen 4. Buffer
42
Principle of Glucose Reagent Strip
Double Sequential Enzyme Reaction
43
Glucose False + cause?
Contamination by Oxidizing Agents
44
Glucose False - (4)
1. Increase Ascorbic Acid 2. Increase Ketones 3. High SG 4. Decrease Temperature
45
Copper Reduction Test reduce copper sulfate to?
Cuprous Oxide by Alkali and Heat
46
Reagent for Benedict's Test
Sodium Citrate
47
Fehling's Test Reagents (2)
a. Cupric Salt b. Rochelle Salt
48
What test needs Phenylhydrazine?
Osazone Test
49
Reagent for Nylander's Test
Bismuth Subnitrite
50
Principle of SG in Reagent Strip
pka change of polyelectrolyte
51
Product of Fat Metabolism
Ketones
52
4 Clinical Significance of Ketones
1. Diabetic Ketosis 2. Increase Fat Metabolism 3. Ketonuria 4. Pancreatic Disorder
53
Principle of Ketones for Reagent Strip
Double Indicator System of Methyl Red and Bromthymol Blue
54
What is not included in the Ketones Reagent Strip?
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
55
Ketones False + (3)
1. Red Urine 2. levodopa 3. Medications with Sulfhydryl
56
Ketones False -
Improperly Preserved
57
2 Diseases associated with Blood
1. Hematuria 2. Hemoglobinuria
58
Intact RBC indicates?
Hematuria
59
What test differentiates Hematuria to Hemoglobinuria
Microscopic Test
60
6 Possible Causes of Hematuria
1. Renal 2. Trauma 3. Renal Calculi 4. Glomerular Disease 5. Tumors 6. Toxic Chemicals
61
Lysis of RBC indicates?
Hemoglobinuria
62
Yellow - Brown color from Denatured Ferritin
Hemosiderin
63
Disease Associated with Myoglobinuria
Rhabdomyolysis
64
Heme with protein in muscle tissue
Myoglobin
65
7 Causes of Hematuria
1. Lower UT Infection 2. Renal Calculi 3. LE 4. Tumor 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Trauma 7. Malignant Papilloma
66
Nipple-Like growth in the skin indicates?
Malignant Papilloma
67
Blood False +
1. E. coli 2. Menstrual 3. Strong Oxidizing Agent
68
Blood False -
1. Crenated Cells 2. Formalin 3. Unmixed 4. Increase Concentrated Nitrite
69
Bilirubin Clinical Significance (4)
1. Hepatitis 2. Cirrhosis 3. Liver Disease 4. Gall stones
70
Principle of Bilirubin in Reagent Strip
Diazo Reaction
71
Bilirubin False + (3)
1. Phenazopyridine 2. Indican 3. Metabolites of Iodine
72
Bilirubin False - (2)
1. Light Exposure 2. Increase Concentration of Nitrite
73
Urobilinogen Clinical Significance (5)
1. Early Detection of Liver Disease 2. Hepatitis 3. Cirrhosis 4. Carcinogenesis 5. Hemolytic Disorder
74
Urobilinogen False + (5)
1. Highly Pigmented Urine 2. Porphobilinogen 3. Indican 4. Sulfonamides 5. Methyldopa
75
Urobilinogen False - (3)
1. High Concentration of Nitrite 2. Old specimen 3. Preserved in Formalin
76
Rapid screening test for UTI?
Nitrite
77
Nitrite Clinical Significance (5)
1. Cystitis 2. Pyelonephritis 3. Antibiotic Theraphy 4. Patient with UTI 5. Urine Culture
78
Principle of Nitrite in Reagent Strip?
Greiss Reaction
79
Nitrite False + (2)
1. Improperly Preserved 2. Highly Pigmented
80
Nitrite False + (2)
1. Improperly Preserved 2. Highly Pigmented
81
Nitrite False - (4)
1. Lack Urine Nitrate 2. Presence of Antibiotics 3. High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid 4. High SG
82
Principle of LE in Reagent Strip
Catalyze the hydrolysis of Acid Ester
83
LE False + (3)
1. Formalin 2. Highly Pigmented 3. Nitrofurantoin
84
LE False - (2)
1. High Concentration of G, P, F, Asc A 2. Inaccurate Time

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

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