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AUBF LEC > Chemical Examination > Flashcards

Chemical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

10 Parameters of Reagent Strip

A
  1. Protein
  2. Glucose
  3. Specific Gravity
  4. pH
  5. Leukocytes
  6. Urobilinogen
  7. Nitrite
  8. Blood
  9. Bilirubin
  10. Ketones
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2
Q

6 Care tips for Reagent Strip

A
  1. Not expose to volatile fumes
  2. Not exposed to temperature<30°
  3. Not used past expiration date
  4. Stored with Dessicant in Light Sensitive bottle
  5. Not use Discolored Pads
  6. Remove prior use
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3
Q

2 Organs associated with pH

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Lungs
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4
Q

pH range for First Morning Urine

A

5-6

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5
Q

pH range for Random Specimen

A

4.5-8

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6
Q

Acidic Urine Clinical Indications (3)

A
  1. DM
  2. Dehydration
  3. Diarrhea
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7
Q

Alkaline Urine Indications (4)

A
  1. Acidosis
  2. Vomiting
  3. Vegetarian
  4. Old Specimen
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8
Q

pH Clinical Significance (4)

A
  1. Acidosis / Alkalosis
  2. Renal Calculi
  3. Identify Crystals
  4. Treat UTI
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9
Q

Principle of Reagent Strip for pH?

A

Double Indicator System of Methyl Red and Bromthymol Blue

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10
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 4-6

A

Red - Yellow

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11
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 6-9

A

Yellow to Blue

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12
Q

Color Reaction of pH Reagent Strip for 5 and 9

A

Orange / Green

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13
Q

This parameter is indicative of Renal Disease

A

Protein

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14
Q

Protein from tubules

A

Tamm-Horsfall Protein

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15
Q

What value indicates Proteinuria

A

> 30 mg/dl

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16
Q

3 Significances of Proteinuria?

A

Pre - Renal , Post - Renal , Renal Proteinuria

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17
Q

what Protein is associated with Multiple Myeloma?

A

Bence Jones Protein

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18
Q

Screening Test for BJP?

A

Solubility

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19
Q

Confirmatory Test for BJP?

A

Serum Electrophoresis

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20
Q

4 Types of Renal Proteinuria

A
  1. Glomerular
  2. Tubular
  3. Orthostatic
  4. Microalbuminuria
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21
Q

Glomerular Proteinuria indicates increase in? (3)

A
  1. RBCs
  2. CHON
  3. WBCs
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22
Q

Fanconi Syndrome is under what type of Proteinuria?

A

Tubular Proteinuria

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23
Q

Proteinuria related to posture and is common in Young Adults

A

Orthostatic Proteinuria

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24
Q

2 Methods of collection for Orthostatic Proteinuria

A
  1. First Morning
  2. After Standing posture
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25
Q

Disease related to Microalbuminuria

A

Diabetic Nephropathy

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26
Q

Disease related to Post-Renal Proteinuria

A

Lower Urinary Tract Infection

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27
Q

Principle of Protein in Reagent Strip

A

Protein Error of Indicators

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28
Q

Reagent for Multistix in Protein

A

Tetrabromphenol Blue

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29
Q

Reagent for Chemstrip in Protein

A

Tetrachlorophenol

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30
Q

Protein False + (4)

A
  1. QAC
  2. High SG
  3. Antiseptic
  4. Loss of Buffer
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31
Q

Principle of Micral Test

A

Enzyme Immunoassay

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32
Q

Principle of Immunodip

A

Immunochromographics

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33
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Heat & Acetic Acid Test

A

Acetic Acid / White Cloudiness

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34
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Exton’s Test

A

Sodium Sulfate / White Ring

35
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Heller’s Ring Test

A

Concentrated Nitric Acid / White Opaque Ring

36
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Purdy’s Test

A

50% Acetic Acid / White Cloudiness

37
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Picric Acid Test

A

Saturated Solution of Picric Acid/ Precipitation

38
Q

Reagent and Positive result for Robert’s Ring Test

A

Magnesium Sulfate / White Ring

39
Q

Clinical Association to Hyperglycemia (5)

A
  1. DM
  2. Pancreatitis
  3. Hyperthyroidism
  4. Stress
  5. Gestational Diabetes
40
Q

Renal Clinical Association of Glucose (4)

A
  1. Fanconi Syndrome
  2. Advance Renal Disease
  3. Osteomalacia
  4. Pregnant
41
Q

Reagent Strip pad for glucose is composed of? (4)

A
  1. glucose Oxidase
  2. Glucose Peroxidase
  3. Chromogen
  4. Buffer
42
Q

Principle of Glucose Reagent Strip

A

Double Sequential Enzyme Reaction

43
Q

Glucose False + cause?

A

Contamination by Oxidizing Agents

44
Q

Glucose False - (4)

A
  1. Increase Ascorbic Acid
  2. Increase Ketones
  3. High SG
  4. Decrease Temperature
45
Q

Copper Reduction Test reduce copper sulfate to?

A

Cuprous Oxide by Alkali and Heat

46
Q

Reagent for Benedict’s Test

A

Sodium Citrate

47
Q

Fehling’s Test Reagents (2)

A

a. Cupric Salt
b. Rochelle Salt

48
Q

What test needs Phenylhydrazine?

A

Osazone Test

49
Q

Reagent for Nylander’s Test

A

Bismuth Subnitrite

50
Q

Principle of SG in Reagent Strip

A

pka change of polyelectrolyte

51
Q

Product of Fat Metabolism

A

Ketones

52
Q

4 Clinical Significance of Ketones

A
  1. Diabetic Ketosis
  2. Increase Fat Metabolism
  3. Ketonuria
  4. Pancreatic Disorder
53
Q

Principle of Ketones for Reagent Strip

A

Double Indicator System of Methyl Red and Bromthymol Blue

54
Q

What is not included in the Ketones Reagent Strip?

A

Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid

55
Q

Ketones False + (3)

A
  1. Red Urine
  2. levodopa
  3. Medications with Sulfhydryl
56
Q

Ketones False -

A

Improperly Preserved

57
Q

2 Diseases associated with Blood

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. Hemoglobinuria
58
Q

Intact RBC indicates?

A

Hematuria

59
Q

What test differentiates Hematuria to Hemoglobinuria

A

Microscopic Test

60
Q

6 Possible Causes of Hematuria

A
  1. Renal
  2. Trauma
  3. Renal Calculi
  4. Glomerular Disease
  5. Tumors
  6. Toxic Chemicals
61
Q

Lysis of RBC indicates?

A

Hemoglobinuria

62
Q

Yellow - Brown color from Denatured Ferritin

A

Hemosiderin

63
Q

Disease Associated with Myoglobinuria

A

Rhabdomyolysis

64
Q

Heme with protein in muscle tissue

A

Myoglobin

65
Q

7 Causes of Hematuria

A
  1. Lower UT Infection
  2. Renal Calculi
  3. LE
  4. Tumor
  5. Glomerulonephritis
  6. Trauma
  7. Malignant Papilloma
66
Q

Nipple-Like growth in the skin indicates?

A

Malignant Papilloma

67
Q

Blood False +

A
  1. E. coli
  2. Menstrual
  3. Strong Oxidizing Agent
68
Q

Blood False -

A
  1. Crenated Cells
  2. Formalin
  3. Unmixed
  4. Increase Concentrated Nitrite
69
Q

Bilirubin Clinical Significance (4)

A
  1. Hepatitis
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Liver Disease
  4. Gall stones
70
Q

Principle of Bilirubin in Reagent Strip

A

Diazo Reaction

71
Q

Bilirubin False + (3)

A
  1. Phenazopyridine
  2. Indican
  3. Metabolites of Iodine
72
Q

Bilirubin False - (2)

A
  1. Light Exposure
  2. Increase Concentration of Nitrite
73
Q

Urobilinogen Clinical Significance (5)

A
  1. Early Detection of Liver Disease
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Carcinogenesis
  5. Hemolytic Disorder
74
Q

Urobilinogen False + (5)

A
  1. Highly Pigmented Urine
  2. Porphobilinogen
  3. Indican
  4. Sulfonamides
  5. Methyldopa
75
Q

Urobilinogen False - (3)

A
  1. High Concentration of Nitrite
  2. Old specimen
  3. Preserved in Formalin
76
Q

Rapid screening test for UTI?

A

Nitrite

77
Q

Nitrite Clinical Significance (5)

A
  1. Cystitis
  2. Pyelonephritis
  3. Antibiotic Theraphy
  4. Patient with UTI
  5. Urine Culture
78
Q

Principle of Nitrite in Reagent Strip?

A

Greiss Reaction

79
Q

Nitrite False + (2)

A
  1. Improperly Preserved
  2. Highly Pigmented
80
Q

Nitrite False + (2)

A
  1. Improperly Preserved
  2. Highly Pigmented
81
Q

Nitrite False - (4)

A
  1. Lack Urine Nitrate
  2. Presence of Antibiotics
  3. High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid
  4. High SG
82
Q

Principle of LE in Reagent Strip

A

Catalyze the hydrolysis of Acid Ester

83
Q

LE False + (3)

A
  1. Formalin
  2. Highly Pigmented
  3. Nitrofurantoin
84
Q

LE False - (2)

A
  1. High Concentration of G, P, F, Asc A
  2. Inaccurate Time

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

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