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AUBF LEC > Physical Examination of Urine > Flashcards

Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

5 Parameters of Physical Examination

A
  1. Color
  2. Volume
  3. Clarity
  4. Odor
  5. Specific Gravity
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2
Q

Physical Examination provides preliminary information about? (4)

A
  1. Glomerular Bleeding
  2. Liver Disease
  3. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  4. UTI
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3
Q

It is used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical microscopic area of urinalysis

A

Physical Examination

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4
Q

4 Factors that affects Urine color

A
  1. Metabolic Functions
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Ingested Materials
  4. Pathologic Conditions
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5
Q

Pigment that causes Yellow color in urine

A

Urochrome

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6
Q

The body produces urochrome at what rate?

A

Constant

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7
Q

Normal Urine Color (4)

A
  1. Pale Yellow
  2. Yellow
  3. Dark Yellow
  4. Amber
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8
Q

Urochrome is increased in conditions such as? (2)

A
  1. Thyroid Conditions
  2. Room Temp Stand
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9
Q

What causes pink pigment?

A

UroERYTHRIN

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10
Q

Pink Urine is most evident at what type of specimens?

A

Refrigerated

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11
Q

Imparts an Orange-Brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

Urobilin

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12
Q

Urobilin is an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent called?

A

UroBILINOGEN

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13
Q

Laboratory Correlation of Recent Fluid Consumption?

A

Colorless

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14
Q

Colorless Urine is commonly observed with that type of specimen?

A

Random Specimen

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15
Q

3 Possible Indications of Pale Yellow Urine?

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Diabetes Mellitus
  3. Dilute Random Sample
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16
Q

Elevated SG and Positive Glucose Test indicates?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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17
Q

Urine Color for concentrated specimen

A

Dark Yellow

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18
Q

Urine color for dehydration from fever or burns

A

Amber

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19
Q

Yellow-Green to Yellow-brown urine color indicates?

A

BiliRUBIN Oxidized to BiliVERDIN

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20
Q

5 Indications for Orange Urine

A
  1. BiliRUBIN
  2. Acriflavin
  3. Pyridium
  4. Nitrofurantoin
  5. Phenindoine
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21
Q

Yellow foam is present along with orange urine indicates?

A

BiliRUBIN

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22
Q

(-) Bile Test & Green Fluorescence indicates?

A

Acriflavin

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23
Q

Drug commonly administered for UTI?

A

Pyridium

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24
Q

Anticoagulant that shows Orange Pigment in Urine

A

Phenindione

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25
7 Factors that causes Pink-Red Urine
1. RBCs 2. Hemoglobin 3. Myoglobin 4. Porphyrins 5. Beets 6. Rifampin 7. Menstrual Contamination
26
Cloudy urine with (+) Blood Test indicates?
RBCs
27
Clear Urine, (+) Blood Test, Intravascular Hemolysis indicates?
Hemoglobin
28
Clear Urine with (+) chemical test results for blood with Muscle Damage
Myoglobin
29
Porphyrins can be detected with what screening tests?
Watson-Schwartz Screening Test
30
Cloudy with RBCs, Mucus and Clots can indicate?
Menstrual Contamination
31
6 Factors that causes Brown to Black Urine
1. RBCs oxidized to Methemoglobin 2. Alkaptonuria 3. Phenol Derivatives 4. Argyrol 5. Levodopa 6. Flagyl
32
Interferes with copper reduction tests
Phenol Derivatives
33
Color disappears with Ferric Chloride
Argyrol
34
7 Factors that causes Green / Blue-Green Urine
1. Pseudomonas Infection 2. Phenol 3. Amitriptyline 4. Clorets 5. Indican 6. Methylene Blue 7. Robaxin
35
White foam in urine is caused by?
Albumin
36
Yellow Foam in urine is caused by?
BiliRUBIN
37
5 Clarity Forms in Urine
1. Clear 2. Hazy 3. Cloudy 4. Turbid 5. Milky
38
Provides a key to the Microscopic Examination Results
Presence of Turbidity
39
8 Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity
1. RBCs 2. WBCs 3. Yeast 4. Bacteria 5. Nonsquamous Epithelial Cells 6. Abnormal Crystals 7. Lymph Fluid 8. Lipids
40
8 Non pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity
1. Squamous Epithelial Cells 2. Mucus 3. Amorphous Phosphates, Urates and Carbonates 4. Semen 5. Fecal Contamination 6. Radiographic Contras Media 7. Talcum Powder 8. Vaginal Cream
41
Acidic Urine Lab Correlations
1. Amorphous Urates 2. Radiographic Contrast Media
42
Alkaline Urine Lab Correlations
1. Amorphous Phosphates 2. Amorphous Carbonates
43
Soluble in DAA (3)
1. RBCs 2. Amorphous Phosphates 3. Amorphous Carbonates
44
Insoluble in DAA (4)
1. bacteria 2. Yeast 3. WBCs 4. Sperm
45
Soluble in Ether (3)
1. Lipids 2. Lymphatic Fluid 3. Chyle
46
The ability of kidneys to selectively reabsorb essential chemicals and water from Glomerular filtrate
Specific Gravity
47
Specific Gravity Detects what? (2)
1. Dehydration 2. Abnormalities in ADH
48
Direct Method for SG Determination (2)
1. Urinometer 2. Harmonic Oscillation Densinometry
49
Indirect Method for SG Determination (2)
1. Refractometer 2. Reagent Strip
50
Principle of Urinometer
Density
51
Major Disadvantage of Urinometer
Requires Large Volume (10-15ml)
52
How many will u subtract every 3°c increase/decrease per calibration temperature ?
0.001
53
Principle of Refractometer
Refractive Index
54
What must be corrected when using refractometer? (2)
1. glucose 2. CHON
55
3 calibration for Refractometer
1. 1.000 (Distilled Water) 2. 1.022 ± 0.001 ( 5% NaCl) 3. 1.034 ± 0.001 ( 9% Sucrose)
56
Principle of Harmonic Oscillation Densinometry
Density
57
In harmonic oscillation densinometry results are linear up to a specific gravity of of?
1.080
58
Principle of Reagent Strip Method
pka changes of polyelectrolyte
59
1.010 SG of Urine is called?
Isosthenuric
60
>1.010 SG of Urine is called?
Hypersthenuric
61
<1.010 SG of urine is called?
Hyposthenuric
62
What SG does not indicate that the sample is urine?
1.003
63
SG range of Random Specimen
1.015 & 1.025
64
Odor of Freshly Voided Urine?
Aromatic
65
Indication of Ammoniacal Odor of Urine? (2)
1. Prolonged Standing 2. Breakdown of Urea
66
Foul Odor indicates? (2)
1. bacterial infection 2. UTI
67
Fruity, Sweet Odor Indicates?
Ketones
68
Maple Syrup Odor indicates?
Maple Syrup Disease
69
Mousy Odor indicates?
Phenylketonuria
70
Rancid Odor indicates?
Tyrosinemia
71
Sweaty Feet odor indicates?
Isovaleric Acidemia
72
Cabbage Odor indicates?
Methionine Malabsorption
73
Bleach Smell indicates?
Semen Contamination
74
Rotting Fish Odor Indicates?
Trimethylaminuria
75
Menthol Odor Indicates?
Phenol
76
Sulfur Odor indicates?
Cystinuria

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

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