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AUBF LEC > Physical Examination of Urine > Flashcards

Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

5 Parameters of Physical Examination

A
  1. Color
  2. Volume
  3. Clarity
  4. Odor
  5. Specific Gravity
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2
Q

Physical Examination provides preliminary information about? (4)

A
  1. Glomerular Bleeding
  2. Liver Disease
  3. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  4. UTI
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3
Q

It is used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical microscopic area of urinalysis

A

Physical Examination

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4
Q

4 Factors that affects Urine color

A
  1. Metabolic Functions
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Ingested Materials
  4. Pathologic Conditions
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5
Q

Pigment that causes Yellow color in urine

A

Urochrome

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6
Q

The body produces urochrome at what rate?

A

Constant

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7
Q

Normal Urine Color (4)

A
  1. Pale Yellow
  2. Yellow
  3. Dark Yellow
  4. Amber
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8
Q

Urochrome is increased in conditions such as? (2)

A
  1. Thyroid Conditions
  2. Room Temp Stand
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9
Q

What causes pink pigment?

A

UroERYTHRIN

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10
Q

Pink Urine is most evident at what type of specimens?

A

Refrigerated

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11
Q

Imparts an Orange-Brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

Urobilin

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12
Q

Urobilin is an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent called?

A

UroBILINOGEN

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13
Q

Laboratory Correlation of Recent Fluid Consumption?

A

Colorless

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14
Q

Colorless Urine is commonly observed with that type of specimen?

A

Random Specimen

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15
Q

3 Possible Indications of Pale Yellow Urine?

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Diabetes Mellitus
  3. Dilute Random Sample
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16
Q

Elevated SG and Positive Glucose Test indicates?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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17
Q

Urine Color for concentrated specimen

A

Dark Yellow

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18
Q

Urine color for dehydration from fever or burns

A

Amber

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19
Q

Yellow-Green to Yellow-brown urine color indicates?

A

BiliRUBIN Oxidized to BiliVERDIN

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20
Q

5 Indications for Orange Urine

A
  1. BiliRUBIN
  2. Acriflavin
  3. Pyridium
  4. Nitrofurantoin
  5. Phenindoine
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21
Q

Yellow foam is present along with orange urine indicates?

A

BiliRUBIN

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22
Q

(-) Bile Test & Green Fluorescence indicates?

A

Acriflavin

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23
Q

Drug commonly administered for UTI?

A

Pyridium

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24
Q

Anticoagulant that shows Orange Pigment in Urine

A

Phenindione

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25
Q

7 Factors that causes Pink-Red Urine

A
  1. RBCs
  2. Hemoglobin
  3. Myoglobin
  4. Porphyrins
  5. Beets
  6. Rifampin
  7. Menstrual Contamination
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26
Q

Cloudy urine with (+) Blood Test indicates?

A

RBCs

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27
Q

Clear Urine, (+) Blood Test, Intravascular Hemolysis indicates?

A

Hemoglobin

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28
Q

Clear Urine with (+) chemical test results for blood with Muscle Damage

A

Myoglobin

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29
Q

Porphyrins can be detected with what screening tests?

A

Watson-Schwartz Screening Test

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30
Q

Cloudy with RBCs, Mucus and Clots can indicate?

A

Menstrual Contamination

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31
Q

6 Factors that causes Brown to Black Urine

A
  1. RBCs oxidized to Methemoglobin
  2. Alkaptonuria
  3. Phenol Derivatives
  4. Argyrol
  5. Levodopa
  6. Flagyl
32
Q

Interferes with copper reduction tests

A

Phenol Derivatives

33
Q

Color disappears with Ferric Chloride

A

Argyrol

34
Q

7 Factors that causes Green / Blue-Green Urine

A
  1. Pseudomonas Infection
  2. Phenol
  3. Amitriptyline
  4. Clorets
  5. Indican
  6. Methylene Blue
  7. Robaxin
35
Q

White foam in urine is caused by?

A

Albumin

36
Q

Yellow Foam in urine is caused by?

A

BiliRUBIN

37
Q

5 Clarity Forms in Urine

A
  1. Clear
  2. Hazy
  3. Cloudy
  4. Turbid
  5. Milky
38
Q

Provides a key to the Microscopic Examination Results

A

Presence of Turbidity

39
Q

8 Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A
  1. RBCs
  2. WBCs
  3. Yeast
  4. Bacteria
  5. Nonsquamous Epithelial Cells
  6. Abnormal Crystals
  7. Lymph Fluid
  8. Lipids
40
Q

8 Non pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A
  1. Squamous Epithelial Cells
  2. Mucus
  3. Amorphous Phosphates, Urates and Carbonates
  4. Semen
  5. Fecal Contamination
  6. Radiographic Contras Media
  7. Talcum Powder
  8. Vaginal Cream
41
Q

Acidic Urine Lab Correlations

A
  1. Amorphous Urates
  2. Radiographic Contrast Media
42
Q

Alkaline Urine Lab Correlations

A
  1. Amorphous Phosphates
  2. Amorphous Carbonates
43
Q

Soluble in DAA (3)

A
  1. RBCs
  2. Amorphous Phosphates
  3. Amorphous Carbonates
44
Q

Insoluble in DAA (4)

A
  1. bacteria
  2. Yeast
  3. WBCs
  4. Sperm
45
Q

Soluble in Ether (3)

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Lymphatic Fluid
  3. Chyle
46
Q

The ability of kidneys to selectively reabsorb essential chemicals and water from Glomerular filtrate

A

Specific Gravity

47
Q

Specific Gravity Detects what? (2)

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Abnormalities in ADH
48
Q

Direct Method for SG Determination (2)

A
  1. Urinometer
  2. Harmonic Oscillation Densinometry
49
Q

Indirect Method for SG Determination (2)

A
  1. Refractometer
  2. Reagent Strip
50
Q

Principle of Urinometer

A

Density

51
Q

Major Disadvantage of Urinometer

A

Requires Large Volume (10-15ml)

52
Q

How many will u subtract every 3°c increase/decrease per calibration temperature ?

A

0.001

53
Q

Principle of Refractometer

A

Refractive Index

54
Q

What must be corrected when using refractometer? (2)

A
  1. glucose
  2. CHON
55
Q

3 calibration for Refractometer

A
  1. 1.000 (Distilled Water)
  2. 1.022 ± 0.001 ( 5% NaCl)
  3. 1.034 ± 0.001 ( 9% Sucrose)
56
Q

Principle of Harmonic Oscillation Densinometry

A

Density

57
Q

In harmonic oscillation densinometry results are linear up to a specific gravity of of?

A

1.080

58
Q

Principle of Reagent Strip Method

A

pka changes of polyelectrolyte

59
Q

1.010 SG of Urine is called?

A

Isosthenuric

60
Q

> 1.010 SG of Urine is called?

A

Hypersthenuric

61
Q

<1.010 SG of urine is called?

A

Hyposthenuric

62
Q

What SG does not indicate that the sample is urine?

A

1.003

63
Q

SG range of Random Specimen

A

1.015 & 1.025

64
Q

Odor of Freshly Voided Urine?

A

Aromatic

65
Q

Indication of Ammoniacal Odor of Urine? (2)

A
  1. Prolonged Standing
  2. Breakdown of Urea
66
Q

Foul Odor indicates? (2)

A
  1. bacterial infection
  2. UTI
67
Q

Fruity, Sweet Odor Indicates?

A

Ketones

68
Q

Maple Syrup Odor indicates?

A

Maple Syrup Disease

69
Q

Mousy Odor indicates?

A

Phenylketonuria

70
Q

Rancid Odor indicates?

A

Tyrosinemia

71
Q

Sweaty Feet odor indicates?

A

Isovaleric Acidemia

72
Q

Cabbage Odor indicates?

A

Methionine Malabsorption

73
Q

Bleach Smell indicates?

A

Semen Contamination

74
Q

Rotting Fish Odor Indicates?

A

Trimethylaminuria

75
Q

Menthol Odor Indicates?

A

Phenol

76
Q

Sulfur Odor indicates?

A

Cystinuria

AUBF LEC (4 decks)

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