Renal Function Flashcards
Kidney function
Excretion of metabolic waste products Regulation of water and electrolyte balance Regulation of acid-base balance Regulation of arterial blood pressure Secretion of hormones
Patho of the kidney
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
Filtration
Diffusion of plasma molecules across the glomerular membrane. 20% of plasma in glomulerus is filtered into globular capsule
Reabsorption
Diffusion or active transport of molecules in the urine filtrate from the renal tubules to the peritubular capillaries. Molecules reabsorbed include sodium, water, and glucose
Secretion
Active transport of plasma molecules to the filtrate in the renal tubules. Molecules secreted include potassium and hydrogen
Excretion
Any filtered molecule that is not reabsorbed + the secreted molecules are excreted in the urine
Clinical measures of renal function
Volume of fluid filtered (per minute) by the glomeruli in the kidneys
Plasma creating
Normally 110% of filtered creatinine is excreted, therefore decreased GFR results in an increased in plasma creatinine levels
Creatinine clearance
Can be calculated based on 24 hour urine collections or estimated using urine and plasma creatinine levels
Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
A reflection of plasma urea levels
Decreased GFR results in an increased in plasma BUN levels
Kidney stones
Aggregarates of crystals, protein or other substance as in the urinary tract. Also known as renal calculus, urinary stones, or urolithiasis
Patho of kidney stones
Supersaturation of calcium in urine filtrate leads to precipitation of small calcium based crystals.
Once the Indus has formed, the supersaturated urine causes larger stones
Consequences of kidney stones
Urinary tract obstruction Acute pain Hematuria Hydronophrosis Chronic kidney disease
UTI
Inflammation of the bladder caused by infection, usually bacterial
Patho of a UTI
Bacterial contamination
Retrograde movement of bacteria from urethra to bladder
Inflammation leads to cystitis