Renal Function Flashcards
The ability of the kidneys to clear waste
products selectively from the blood and
simultaneously to maintain the body’s
essential water and electrolyte balances is
controlled in the nephron by the renal
functions
Kidney function
Kidney function
- Maintain homeostasis
- Excretion waste product
- Maintenance blood pressure
supplies blood to the
kidney
Renal artery
receive a large blood flow
Kidney
Consists of capillary tuft.
Glomerulus
Factors influence the actual filtration process
◦ cellular structure of the capillary walls
◦ hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
◦ feedback mechanisms of the reninangiotensin-
aldosterone system.
containing pores and are referred to as fenestrated.
Capillary wall
Cpaillary wall pore referred as
Fenestrated
restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes
Basal lamina
the thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed by
the intertwining foot processes of the podocytes of the
inner layer of Bowman’s capsule
Visceral epithelium of bowman’s capsule
Cellular layer
Capillary wall membrane
Basal lamina
Visceral epithelium bowman’s capsule
necessary to overcome the opposition of pressure from the fluid from the Bowman’s
capsule and the ONCOTIC PRESSURE of unfiltered plasma protein.
Hydrostatic pressure
Autoregulatory mechanism within the
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the efferent arterioles
Bp drops
regulates the flow of blood to and within the
glomerulus.
RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)
This system respond to changes in blood pressure
and plasma sodium content
Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone- system
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system monitored by
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
FUNCTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II:
- Vasolidation of afferent & vasoconstriction efferent
- Stimulate sodium reabsorption
- Release of hormone aldosterone
- Release of antidiuretic hormone
Substance to be reabsorbed must combine
to a carrier protein contained in the membranes of the renal tubular cells.
Active transport
Can be influenced by the concentration of
the substance being transported.
Active transport
plasma concentration at
which active transport stops
Renal threshold
movement of molecules
across membrane as a result
of differences in their
concentration or electrical
potential.
Passive transport
Exceeding the renal threshold of substances affects the Maximal
reabsorptive capacity of the tubules, leading to the appearance of the substance in the urine.
Passive transport
Active transport
Substance:
Location: proximal convoluted tubules
Glucose
Amino acids
Salts
Active transport
Substance: glucose, amino acids and salts
Location:
Proximal convoluted tubules
Active transport
Substance:
Location: proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Sodium
Active transport
Substance: sodium
Location:
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Passive transport
Substance:
Location: proximal convoluted tubules
Descending loop of henle
Collecting duct
Water
Passive transport
Substance: water
Location:
Proximal convoluted
Descending loop of henle
Collecting duct
Passive transport
Substance:
Location: proximal convoluted tubules
Ascending loop of henle
Urea
Passive transport
Substance: urea
Location:
Proximal convoluted tubules
Ascending loop of henle
Passive transport
Substance:
Location: ascending loop of henle
Sodium
Passive transport
Substance: sodium
Location:
Ascending loop of henle
High body hydration = low adh = _______ urine volume
High
______ body hydration = low adh = high urine volume
High
High body hydration = ______ aDh = high urine volume
Low
Low body hydration = high adh = _______ urine volume
Low
______ body hydration = high adh = low urine volume
Low
Low body hydration = ______ aDh = low urine volume
High
2 MAJOR FUNCTIONS: tubular secretion
Elimination waste product
Regulation acid base balance
Vasopressin- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) =
Water reabsorption
_____________ - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) = WATER REABSORPTION
Vasopressin
Vasopressin- _____________________= WATER REABSORPTION
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
