Intro Urinalysis: Specimen And Collection Flashcards
Specimen collection containers
Specimens must be collected
In clean, dry, leak-proof
containers.
Labels must be attached to the
___________, _____________and should
not become detached if the container
is _________ or ________
container, not to the lid, detached if container is refrigerated or frozen
must accompany
specimens delivered to the laboratory
Requisition
Specimen Rejection
• Specimens in unlabeled containers
• Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
• Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper
• Containers with contaminated exteriors
• Specimens of insufficient quantity
• Specimens that have been improperly transported
Routine urinalysis protocols typically require
10-15 ml of urine
Less than ____mL hinder performance of microscopic examination.
12 ml
Containers for urine collection must be clean, dry and made of clear or
translucent disposable material such as plastic or glass
clean, dry and made of clear or
translucent disposable material such as plastic or glass
The container should stand upright have an opening of at least _______ cm and have a capacity of 50 to 100 mL.
4-5cm
The container should stand upright have an opening of at least 4-5cm and have a capacity of ________ to ________mL.
50 to 100 mL
Specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within
2 hours
Also known as the 8 hour specimen
First morning specimen
The ideal screening specimen
First morning specimen
It is a concentrated specimen thereby assuring detection of chemicals and formed elements not seen in random specimen.
First morning specimen
Essential for preventing false- negative pregnancy tests
First morning specimen
First morning specimen For evaluating
Orthostatic proteinuria
Can be collected at any time and usually during daytime hours, and without prior patient preparation
Random specimen
The most commonly received specimen
Random specimen
Usually satisfactory for routine screening
And capable of detecting abnormalities that indicate disease process
Random specimen
The second voided specimen after a period of fasting.
Fasting specimen/ send morning
This specimen will not contain any metabolites from food ingested before the
beginning of the fasting period.
Fasting specimen/ second morning
Fasting specimen/second morning Recommended for
Glucose
The patient is instructed to void shortly before consuming a routine meal and
to collect a specimen 2 hours after eating.
2 hour postprandial specimen
2 hour postprandial specimen Specimen is tested for
Glucose
2 hour postprandial specimen Results are used primarily for
Insulin therapy monitoring
Collected correspond with blood samples drawn during glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Glucose tolerance specimen
Number of specimens varies with the length of the test.
Glucose tolerance specimen
Glucose tolerance specimen Urine is tested for __________ and _________
glucose and ketones
Specimen used for urine quantitative
assay.
24 hour (timed) specimen
Many solutes exhibit diurnal variation.
Catecholamines, 17- hydroxysteroids, electrolytes
24 hour timed specimen All specimen should be _________ or kept on _______ during the collection period.
refrigerated or kept on ice
The most common error encountered are related to specimen collection
24 hour timed specimen
Less traumatic method for obtaining urine
– for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis.
Midstream specimen/ clean catch specimen
Used to avoid contamination
Midstream specimen
insertion of a sterile catheter
through urethra into the bladder
Catheterized specimen
Urine flows directly from the
bladder through the indwelling
catheter and accumulates in a
plastic reservoir bag.
Catheterized specimen
Catheterized specimen Most often these specimen are sent
for
Bacterial culture
Involves collecting urine directly from the bladder by puncturing the abdominal wall and distended bladder using needle and syringe.
Suprapubic aspiration specimen
provides a sample for bacterial culture that is completely free of extraneous contamination.
Suprapubic aspiration specimen
Suprapubic aspiration specimen The specimen can also be used for
Cytologic examination
Pediatric and newborn infants pose a challenge in collecting an
appropriate urine specimen
Pediatric collection
Commercially available plastic urine collection bags with
hypoallergenic skin adhesive are used
Pediatric collection
The bag is placed over the penis in the male and around the
vagina (exluding the anus) in the female, and the adhesive is
firmly attached to the perineum.
Pediatric collection
Also known as “three glass collection”
Prostatitis specimen
Chain of custody
Drug specimen collection
provides this documentation of proper sample identification
from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results
Drug specimen collection
is a standardized form that must document and
accompany every step of drug testing.
Chain of custody
withstand legal scrutiny
No tampering of spx
Spx handled securely
Proper id
30-45ml amount
Check within 4mins (32.5-37.7)
