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AUBF Prelim (2) Lec > PHYSICALEXAMINATION > Flashcards

PHYSICALEXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

OBJECTIVE observation: physical examination

A

Color, Volume,Clarity, Odor, and Specific Gravity

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2
Q

Provides preliminary information:

A

glomerular bleeding
liver disease
inborn errors of metabolism
urinary tract infection

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3
Q

used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical and microscopic
areas of urinalysis

A

Physical examination

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4
Q

◦ normal metabolic functions
◦ physical activity
◦ingested materials
◦ pathologic conditions

A

Colorless to black

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5
Q

Normal Urine Color

A

pale yellow, yellow, dark yellow, and amber

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6
Q

ØYellow color
Øproduct of endogenous metabolism, and
under normal conditions the body produces it
at a constant rate

A

Urochrome

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7
Q

Øincreased amounts produced in thyroid
conditions and fasting states.
Øincreases in urine that stands at room temperature

A

Urochrome

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8
Q

most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated ◦attaches to the urates, producing a pink color to the sediment.

A

Uroerythrin

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9
Q

◦an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent
urobilinogen ◦imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh.

A

Urobilin

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10
Q

Recent fluid consumption
- Commonly observed with random specimens

A

Colorless

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11
Q

Urine color of Polyuria or diabetes insipidus, DM and dilute random specimen

A

Pale yellow

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12
Q

Pale yellow that Increased 24-hour volume

A

Polyuria or DI

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13
Q

Pale yellow that Elevated specific gravity and positive glucose test result

A

DM

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14
Q

Pale yellow that Recent fluid consumption

A

Dilute random specimen

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15
Q

Color of urine that Concentrated specimen

A

Dark yellow

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16
Q

Color of urine that Dehydration from fever or burns

A

Amber

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17
Q

Color of urine that Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

A

Yellow to green or yellow brown

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18
Q

Colored foam in acidic urine and false-negative chemical test results for bilirubin

A

Yellow green or yellow brown

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19
Q

Orange color of urine

A

Bilirubin
Acriflavine
Phenazopyridine (pyridium)
Nitrofurantion
Phenindione

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20
Q

Orange color of urine that Yellow foam when shaken and positive chemical test results for

A

Bilirubin

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21
Q

Orange color of urine that Negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence

A

Acriflavine

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22
Q

Orange color of urine that Drug commonly administered for UTI and May have orange foam and thick orange pigment that can obscure or interfere with
reagent strip readings

A

Pyridium

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23
Q

Orange color of urine that Antibiotic administered for UTI

A

Nitrofurantion

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24
Q

Orange color of urine that Anticoagulant, orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine

A

Phenindione

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25
Q

Pink to Red color of urine

A

RBC
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Porphyrin
Beets
Rifampin
Mestrual contamination

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26
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Cloudy urine, blood test (+) and RBCs visible microscopically

A

RBC

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27
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Clear urine blood test (+); intravascular hemolysis

A

Hemoglobin

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28
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Clear urine with positive chemical test results for blood;
muscle damage

A

Myoglobin

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29
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Negative chemical test results for blood and port wine

A

Porphyrin

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30
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Detected with Watson-Schwartz screening
test or fluorescence under ultraviolet light

A

Porphyrin

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31
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that drugs that affect color

A

Rifampin

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32
Q

Pink to Red color of urine that Cloudy specimen with RBCs, mucus, and
clots

A

Menstrual contamination

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33
Q

Brown to Black color of urine

A

Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)
Melanin
Phenol derivatives
Argyrol (antiseptic)
Methyldopa or levodopa
Metronidazole (flagyl)

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34
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Seen in alkaline urine after
standing; specific tests

A

Homogentisic acid (Alkaptonuria)

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35
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Urine darkens on standing
and reacts with nitroprusside
and ferric chloride

A

Melanin

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36
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Interfere with copper
reduction tests

A

Phenol derivatives

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37
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Color disappears with ferric
chloride

A

Argyrol (antseptic)

38
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Antihypertensive

A

Methyldopa or levodopa

39
Q

Brown to Black color of urine that Darkens on standing

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

40
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine

A

Pseudomonas infection
Phenol
Methocarbamol (robaxin)
Amitriptyline
Clorets
Indican
Methylene blue

41
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that Positive urine
culture

A

Pseudomonas infection

42
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that Muscle relaxant,
may be green-brown

A

Methocarbamol (robaxin)

43
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that Antidepressant

A

Amitriptyline

44
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that Bacterial infection (Klebsiella,
Providencia)

A

Indican

45
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that Fistulas

A

Methylene blue

46
Q

GreeN / BLUE-green color of urine that When oxidized

A

Phenol

47
Q

Urine foam that URINE WITH LARGE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN

A

Albumin

48
Q

cause a stable white foam to be
produced when urine is poured or
agitated

A

Albumin

49
Q

FOAM IF PRESENT WILL BE
CHARACTERISTICALLY YELLOW

A

Bilirubin

50
Q

transparency/turbidity of a
urine specimen
Clear container

A

Urine transparency

51
Q

Urine transparency Visually examine

A

Mixed well , view in clear container and maintain light

52
Q

No visible particulates, transparent.

A

Clear

53
Q

Few particulates, print easly seen through urine.

A

Hazy

54
Q

Many particulates, print blurred through urine.

A

Cloudy

55
Q

Print cannot be seen through urine.

A

Turbid

56
Q

May precipitate or be clotted.

A

Milky

57
Q

Collected urine for normal
Clarity

A

Midstream or clean catch

58
Q

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

RBCS
WBCs
Bacteria
Yeast
Nonsquamous epithelial cells
Abnomal crystals
Lymph fluid
Lipids

59
Q

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, spermatozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiographic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams

60
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Acidic Urine

A

Amorphous urates
Radiographic contrast media

61
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Alkaline Urine

A

Amorphous phosphates
carbonates

62
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Soluble With Heat

A

Amorphous urates, uric acid crystals

63
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Soluble in Dilute Acetic Acid

A

RBCs
Amorphous phosphates
carbonates

64
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Insoluble in Dilute Acetic Acid

A

WBCs Bacteria
yeast
Spermatozoa

65
Q

Laboratory Correlations in Urine Turbidity: Soluble in Ether

A

Lipids
Lymphatic fluid
chyle

66
Q

The ability of the kidneys to selectively
reabsorb essential chemicals and water
from the glomerular filtrate

A

Specific gravity

67
Q

detects possible dehydration or
abnormalities in antidiuretic hormone

A

Specific gravity

68
Q

of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature

A

Density

69
Q

Direct method: SG

A

Urinometer

70
Q

Indirect method: SG

A

Refractometer

71
Q

direct method: urinometer used in

A

harmonic oscillation densitometry

72
Q

Indirect method: refractometer used in

A

REAGENT STRIP

73
Q

Urinometer (hydrometer) principle

A

Density

74
Q

weighted float attached to a scale ◦sink to a level of 1.000 in distilled water ◦less accurate than the other methods

A

Urinometer

75
Q

Major disadvantage of urinometer

A

◦ Requires large volume (10-15ml)
◦ Spinning motion
◦ Read at lower meniscus

76
Q

Urinometer (hydrometer)
Tempt. Sensitive

A

20 degree celsius

77
Q

Refractometer
Principle:

A

refractive index

78
Q

The concentration of dissolved particles present in
the solution determines the velocity and angle at
which light passes through a solution.

A

Refractometer

79
Q

Refractometer Advantage:

A

Small amount (1 to 2 drop)

Temperature compensated bet. 15-38°C

80
Q

is a comparison of the velocity of light in air with
the velocity of light in a solution.

A

Refractive index

81
Q

Harmonic oscillation densitometry
Principle

A

Density

82
Q

The frequency of a sound wave
entering a solution changes in
proportion to the density of the
solution

A

Harmonic oscillation densitometry

83
Q

Harmonic oscillation debate Results are linear up to a specific
gravity of

A

1.080

84
Q

Reagent strip Method
Principle:

A

pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte

85
Q

Isosthenuric SG

A

1.010 SG OF URINE

86
Q

Hyposthenuric SG

A

< 1.010 SG OF URINE

87
Q

Hypersthenuric SG

A

> 1.010 SG OF URINE

88
Q

ABNORMALLY HIGH S.G RESULTS ARE SEEN:

A

> 1.035

89
Q

S.G OF RANDOM SPECIMEN FALLS BETWEEN

A

1.015-1.025

90
Q

SPECIMEN WITH S.G OF ________ PROBABLY ARE NOT URINE.

A

1.003

91
Q

Freshly voided urine

A

Aromatic odor

92
Q

Prolonged standing of specimen and Breakdown of urea

A

Ammoniacal

AUBF Prelim (2) Lec (7 decks)

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