renal failure Flashcards
what does polyuria mean?
increased urination
what does dysuria mean?
painful passing of urination
what does haematuria mean?
blood in urine
what does proteinuria mean?
protein in urine
what does uraemia mean?
urea-filtered out of blood to kidneys
what tests are used to test renal function?
-estimated glomerular filtration rate- urea and electrolytes- mostly used for renal function
-creatinine release over 24 hr period
what are the two ways renal function can fail?
acute renal failure- rapid
chronic renal failure- gradual
what are the 3 causes of renal failure?
pre-renal-passing of blood from aorta to kidney
intrarenal- kidney itself
post renal- outflow obstruction
what are the causes of pre-renal failure?
-problem with blood flow to kidney
-causes drop in blood pressure
may be due to -hypovolemia or aortic aneurysm
what are the causes of intrarenal failure?
direct damage to kidney
what causes post-renal failure?
obstruction to ureter
-may be through kidney stones, enlarged prostate, tumour
what is the function of glomeruli?
-tiny blood vessels that filter waste from kindeys
what are primary causes of chronic renal failure?
-glomerulonephritis
-polycystic kidney disease
what are secondary causes of chronic renal failure?
-diabetes
-hypertension
-drug therapy
-renal vascular disease
normally combination of these and time
what is involved in the cycle of chronic renal disease?
renal hypertension causes reduced blood to kidneys- this can lead to release of hormone by the kidneys which increases blood pressure-leading to cardiovascular disease
what can be used to lower blood pressure affecting kidneys?
-diuretics
what does glomerulonephritis cause? chronic renal failure
causes direct damage to glomeruli- and blood cells/protein can leak into the urine
what does glomerulonephritis gradually lead to?
-hypertension
-chronic renal failure
what is nephrotic syndrome?
a complication of glomerulonephritis
what drugs should be avoided with chronic renal disease?
NSAIDS- inhibit glomerular blood flow
how does renal vascular disease affect the kidney ? chronic renal failure
-reduces blood flow to kidneys
-causes hypertension
what does polycystic kidney disease cause?
cysts that lead to an enlarged kidney and destruction of functioning kidney tissue
what is end stage renal disease?
-when glomerular function can no longer maintain life
- <15ml/min
what are the signs of chronic renal failure?
-anaemia
-renal bone disease
-hypertension
does renal replacement therapy cure disease?
NO
what are the dental affects of end stage renal disease?
-oral opportunistic infections
-dry mouth
-taste disturbances
