oesophegeal disease Flashcards
what medications are used for upper GI disease?
eliminate acids- antacids (gaviscon + rennies)
reduce acid- proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor blockers
what releases acid?
-acetylcholine
-gastrin
-histamine
all work independently
how do h2 blockers work?
prevent histamine acid production but 2 others still operate
what are examples of h2 blockers?
cimetidine
ranitidine- safer over the counter sale
examples of proton pump inhibitors?
“prazoles”
- much more effective than h2 blockers
how are GI diseases investigated?
endoscopy- with light and forceps (for histological examination)
-also used for therapeutic approach
-capsule endoscopy- takes pictures
what is a common oesophageal disorder?
dysphagia- difficulty swallowing-food sticking
-can be easily localised by pt
-any swelling e.g lungs will compress the oesophegus
or aortic aneurysm
what issues may cause dysphagia
swellings may compress oesophagus
-lung (trachea) swelling
-aortic aneurysm
dysmotility
-fibrosis of oesophagus due to sclerosis or GORD
neuromuscular dysfunction
-diabetes mellitus
-parkinsons
what is GORD?
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
“heartburn”
another oesophageal disorder
what are the effects of gord?
-ulceration
-inflammation
-metaplasia (must be treated to prevent adenoma-to restore epithelium)
what are the signs and symptoms of GORD?
-burning
-dysphagia
-GI bleeding
-severe pain-mimics MI
what is a hates hernia?
when stomach passes through the diaphragm and is in the thorax
-symptoms similar to gord
how is GORD managed?
-stop smoking
-weight loss
-antacids (gaviscon)
-h2 blockers -ranitidine
-proton pump inhibitors (prazoles”)
where does upper GI begin?
mid oesophegus
what is involved in the upper GI?
oesophegus, stomach and duodenum
