Renal Embryo Flashcards
the urogenital system is primarily derived from the
intermediate mesoderm
the urogenital ridge, a longitudinal band of mesoderm on either side of the dorsal aorta, gives rise to the _________ cord, which provides the pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
nephrogenic cord
pronephric ducts run caudally and open into the _____
cloaca
the pronephros appears early in the ____ week and degenerate by ______ days
4th week
24-25 days
the pronephric ducts persist and are utilized by the ______
mesonephros
mesonephros appears late in the _____ week caudal to the ______
4th week
pronephros
the mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules are derivates of the
mesonephros
in mesonephric development, the _____ develop first and induce formation of the _____ from the _______ mesoderm
ducts develop first and induce the tubules from the intermediate mesoderm
renal corpuscles are formed from the ________ tubules
mesonephric tubules
medial end forms glomerular capsule
wraps around a glomerulus
mesonephros is actively making urine during weeks
6-10
after 10, stops functioning and regresses in females
becomes efferent ductules in males
the metanephros arises during the ____ week
5th
the metanephros is made up of two parts
ureteric bud from mesonephric duct
metanphric blastema from nephrogenic cord
the metanephros is functional by
9th/10th week
metanephros is important in production of
amniotic fluid
the ureteric bud elongates and penetrates the ______ to form the renal pelvis
penetrates the blastema
the stalk of the ureteric bud becomes the ______
ureter
the cranial part of the ureter bud as it penetrates the blastema becomes the
collecting tubules 1st generation (four) branches = major calices 2nd generation (four) branches = minor calices
arched collecting tubules induce cells of the metanephrogenic blastema to form ________ _________
metanephric vesicles that elongate to form metanephric tubules
metanephric tubules give rise to ______ at their proximal end and ____, ____, and ____ at their distal end
glomerular capsule at proximal end
PCT, DCT, and nephron loop
Each DCT contacts a _______ to finish the loop and complete nephrogenesis
arched collecting tubule
permanent kidneys initially lie within the pelvis but through development ______ in the abdomen
ascend
hilum of the kidney rotates _____ degrees medially by the 9th week
90 degrees medially
first renal arteries arise from the _______ ______, but definitive renal arteries typically come from the ______ ______
common iliacs first
–> involute
abdominal aorta
unilateral renal agenesis
missing kidneys on one side
more common in males
typically asymptomatic
suspected in infants with 1 umbilical artery
bilateral renal agenesis
missing both ya kidneys
associated with oligohydramnios
nonviable - pulmonary hypoplasia - reduced amniotic fluid = poor lung development
potter syndrome (20%) - phenotypic facial malformation, clubbed legs from lack of amniotic fluid
no communication from ureteric bud and blastema
incomplete division of the kidney results in _____ kidney and _____ ureter
divided kidney and bifid ureter
complete division of the kidney results in ______ kidney and _____ ureter
double kidney and bifid/separate ureters
horseshoe kidney results from
fusion of inferior poles - caudal part of kidney
asymptomatic
ascent prevented by the inferior mesenteric artery
bladder forms from the ______, a portion of the _______ (endoderm)
urogenital sinus, a portion of the cloaca
urogenital sinus is critical for bladder development and consists of three parts
ventral part - most of urinary bladder
PElvic part - neck of bladder, (m = prostatic urethra, f = urethra)
Phallic part - m = spongy urethra, f = lining of vaginal vestibule
between weeks ____ and ____, the mesonephric ducts is incorporated into the posterior wall of the bladder
4 - 6
mesonephric ducts grow inferior along the posterior wall of the bladder while the ureteric buds remain high on the bladder to form the
trigone
trigone is made up of
mesonephric duct derivative and ureter dervative
mesonephric ducts _____ while ureter openings stay separate in the trigone
mesonephric ducts fuse
bladder develops primarily from
vesical part of urogenital sinus
bladder is continuous with the ____ (constricts and forms the urachus)
allantois
contributions to the bladder
Epithelium is formed from ______
Submucosa and muscularis is derived from _______ ______
Trigone is made up of _________ ______
epithelium = endoderm (urogenital sinus)
Submucosa and muscularis = splanchnic mesoderm
Trigone = intermediate mesoderm
exstrophy of the bladder occurs as a result of _____ body folding and is characterized as
body folding (4 weeks) Defective closure of the ventral abdominal wall exposes mucosa of the posterior wall of bladder
epispadias are abnormalities in
the positioning of the urethra on the penis
normally on the ventral side of genital tubercle, in epispadias occurs on the ventral side
urachal cysts are remnants of the epithelial lining that can
become infected and enlarged
urachal sinus may remain open, connecting the
bladder (inferior region) or umbilicus (superior region)
urachal fistula allows urine to escape from
umbilicus
chromaffin cells are derived from _____ and secrete:
NCC - postganglionic sympathetic neurons
secrete Epi and NE
fetal cortex of the Suprarenal gland secrete ______ which is converted to estradiol, which is essential for maintaining pregnancy
secretes dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) also secretes ACTH and glucocorticoids
