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Renal Midterm > Renal Embryo > Flashcards

Renal Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

the urogenital system is primarily derived from the

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

the urogenital ridge, a longitudinal band of mesoderm on either side of the dorsal aorta, gives rise to the _________ cord, which provides the pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

A

nephrogenic cord

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3
Q

pronephric ducts run caudally and open into the _____

A

cloaca

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4
Q

the pronephros appears early in the ____ week and degenerate by ______ days

A

4th week

24-25 days

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5
Q

the pronephric ducts persist and are utilized by the ______

A

mesonephros

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6
Q

mesonephros appears late in the _____ week caudal to the ______

A

4th week

pronephros

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7
Q

the mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules are derivates of the

A

mesonephros

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8
Q

in mesonephric development, the _____ develop first and induce formation of the _____ from the _______ mesoderm

A

ducts develop first and induce the tubules from the intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

renal corpuscles are formed from the ________ tubules

A

mesonephric tubules
medial end forms glomerular capsule
wraps around a glomerulus

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10
Q

mesonephros is actively making urine during weeks

A

6-10
after 10, stops functioning and regresses in females
becomes efferent ductules in males

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11
Q

the metanephros arises during the ____ week

A

5th

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12
Q

the metanephros is made up of two parts

A

ureteric bud from mesonephric duct

metanphric blastema from nephrogenic cord

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13
Q

the metanephros is functional by

A

9th/10th week

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14
Q

metanephros is important in production of

A

amniotic fluid

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15
Q

the ureteric bud elongates and penetrates the ______ to form the renal pelvis

A

penetrates the blastema

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16
Q

the stalk of the ureteric bud becomes the ______

A

ureter

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17
Q

the cranial part of the ureter bud as it penetrates the blastema becomes the

A 
collecting tubules 
1st generation (four) branches = major calices 
2nd generation (four) branches = minor calices
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18
Q

arched collecting tubules induce cells of the metanephrogenic blastema to form ________ _________

A

metanephric vesicles that elongate to form metanephric tubules

19
Q

metanephric tubules give rise to ______ at their proximal end and ____, ____, and ____ at their distal end

A

glomerular capsule at proximal end

PCT, DCT, and nephron loop

20
Q

Each DCT contacts a _______ to finish the loop and complete nephrogenesis

A

arched collecting tubule

21
Q

permanent kidneys initially lie within the pelvis but through development ______ in the abdomen

A

ascend

22
Q

hilum of the kidney rotates _____ degrees medially by the 9th week

A

90 degrees medially

23
Q

first renal arteries arise from the _______ ______, but definitive renal arteries typically come from the ______ ______

A

common iliacs first
–> involute
abdominal aorta

24
Q

unilateral renal agenesis

A

missing kidneys on one side
more common in males
typically asymptomatic
suspected in infants with 1 umbilical artery

25
Q

bilateral renal agenesis

A

missing both ya kidneys
associated with oligohydramnios
nonviable - pulmonary hypoplasia - reduced amniotic fluid = poor lung development
potter syndrome (20%) - phenotypic facial malformation, clubbed legs from lack of amniotic fluid
no communication from ureteric bud and blastema

26
Q

incomplete division of the kidney results in _____ kidney and _____ ureter

A

divided kidney and bifid ureter

27
Q

complete division of the kidney results in ______ kidney and _____ ureter

A

double kidney and bifid/separate ureters

28
Q

horseshoe kidney results from

A

fusion of inferior poles - caudal part of kidney
asymptomatic
ascent prevented by the inferior mesenteric artery

29
Q

bladder forms from the ______, a portion of the _______ (endoderm)

A

urogenital sinus, a portion of the cloaca

30
Q

urogenital sinus is critical for bladder development and consists of three parts

A

ventral part - most of urinary bladder
PElvic part - neck of bladder, (m = prostatic urethra, f = urethra)
Phallic part - m = spongy urethra, f = lining of vaginal vestibule

31
Q

between weeks ____ and ____, the mesonephric ducts is incorporated into the posterior wall of the bladder

A

4 - 6

32
Q

mesonephric ducts grow inferior along the posterior wall of the bladder while the ureteric buds remain high on the bladder to form the

A

trigone

33
Q

trigone is made up of

A

mesonephric duct derivative and ureter dervative

34
Q

mesonephric ducts _____ while ureter openings stay separate in the trigone

A

mesonephric ducts fuse

35
Q

bladder develops primarily from

A

vesical part of urogenital sinus

36
Q

bladder is continuous with the ____ (constricts and forms the urachus)

A

allantois

37
Q

contributions to the bladder
Epithelium is formed from ______
Submucosa and muscularis is derived from _______ ______
Trigone is made up of _________ ______

A

epithelium = endoderm (urogenital sinus)
Submucosa and muscularis = splanchnic mesoderm
Trigone = intermediate mesoderm

38
Q

exstrophy of the bladder occurs as a result of _____ body folding and is characterized as

A 
body folding (4 weeks) 
Defective closure of the ventral abdominal wall exposes mucosa of the posterior wall of bladder
39
Q

epispadias are abnormalities in

A

the positioning of the urethra on the penis

normally on the ventral side of genital tubercle, in epispadias occurs on the ventral side

40
Q

urachal cysts are remnants of the epithelial lining that can

A

become infected and enlarged

41
Q

urachal sinus may remain open, connecting the

A

bladder (inferior region) or umbilicus (superior region)

42
Q

urachal fistula allows urine to escape from

A

umbilicus

43
Q

chromaffin cells are derived from _____ and secrete:

A

NCC - postganglionic sympathetic neurons

secrete Epi and NE

44
Q

fetal cortex of the Suprarenal gland secrete ______ which is converted to estradiol, which is essential for maintaining pregnancy

A 
secretes dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 
also secretes ACTH and glucocorticoids

Renal Midterm (7 decks)

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