Last Pass Notecards Flashcards
Portion of the glomerulus that can produce NO and PGE2
glomerular endothelium
tend to relax vascular smooth muscle
the parietal layer of a glomerulus is the _____
while the visceral layer consists of
parietal layer = endothelium of bowman’s capsule
visceral layer = podocytes
nephron associated blood vessels in order =
afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta
glomerular basement membrane consists of
fused basement membrane of the endothelium and podoctyes
Proximal convoluted tubules are found only in the
renal cortex
most active tubule in resorption and secretion
Proximal straight tubules contain what co-transporter
high affinity sodium-glucose co-transporter
the loop of henle functions to
set up hyperosmotic gradient
fusiform vesicles are present within the transitional epithelium and function during:
distension: fuse with PM when cell is distended and are endocytosed when non-distended
along the length of the urethra, the epithelium changes
at the origin, near the bladder: _______
Majority of the rest of urethra: ______
Very distal end: _______
transitional epithelium –> pseudostratified columnar –> stratified squamous
three portions of the male urethra:
- passes through prostate : _____
- passes urogenital diaphragm : _____
- passes through length of the penis: ____
Prostatic urethra –> membranous urethra –> spongy urethra
volume of distribution of a drug reflects
the volume of plasma that would be necessary for the total amount of drug in the patients body, if found in the same concentration in the plasma
ex: Vd < 3L means its only plasma but a Vd of 40-45 means it goes to total body water
protein levels are highest in the ____ and ____ compartments
ICF and vascular compartments
3H2O, 2H2PO and antipyrine can be used to measure
total body water
22Na, 125-l-iothalamate, thiosulfate and inulin can measure
ECF volume
ICF volume cannot be measured with a molecular marker, but can be calculated by measuring ____ an ____ and subtracting
ECF and TBW and subtracting ECF from it
plasma volume can be measured with
l-albumin and evans blue dye
interstitial volume cannot be measured with molecular markers, but can be calculated by measuring _____ and _____ and then subtracting it
ECF and plasma, subtract plasma from ECF
Na vasculature > Na interstiital fluid > Na ICF due to action of
Na K ATPase pump
ECF osmolality driven by
Na and Cl
ICF osmolality driven by
K
symptoms of hypovolemia
decreased skin turgor Thirst dry mucous membranes sunken eyes oliguria --> tachy, hypotension, tachypnea, confusion
hypternatremia concentration:
Hyponatremia concentration:
hyper: 146 mEq/L
Hypo: 136 mEq/L
hydration therapy is used to treat
burns, hemorrhage, vomiting/diarrhea, dehydration
target compartment that is volume depleted
Crystalloid fluids
Colloid fluids (contain large proteins and molecules that tend to stay in vascular space)
pitting edema is different than non-pitting edema because
pitting refers to freely flowing fluid through tissue space and non-pitting refers to swollen cells within the tissue
