Last Pass Notecards

Question 1

Portion of the glomerulus that can produce NO and PGE2

Answer 1

glomerular endothelium

tend to relax vascular smooth muscle

Question 2

the parietal layer of a glomerulus is the _____

while the visceral layer consists of

Answer 2

parietal layer = endothelium of bowman’s capsule

visceral layer = podocytes

Question 3

nephron associated blood vessels in order =

Answer 3

afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta

Question 4

glomerular basement membrane consists of

Answer 4

fused basement membrane of the endothelium and podoctyes

Question 5

Proximal convoluted tubules are found only in the

Answer 5

renal cortex

most active tubule in resorption and secretion

Question 6

Proximal straight tubules contain what co-transporter

Answer 6

high affinity sodium-glucose co-transporter

Question 7

the loop of henle functions to

Answer 7

set up hyperosmotic gradient

Question 8

fusiform vesicles are present within the transitional epithelium and function during:

Answer 8

distension: fuse with PM when cell is distended and are endocytosed when non-distended

Question 9

along the length of the urethra, the epithelium changes
at the origin, near the bladder: _______
Majority of the rest of urethra: ______
Very distal end: _______

Answer 9

transitional epithelium –> pseudostratified columnar –> stratified squamous

Question 10

three portions of the male urethra:

1. passes through prostate : _____
2. passes urogenital diaphragm : _____
3. passes through length of the penis: ____

Answer 10

Prostatic urethra –> membranous urethra –> spongy urethra

Question 11

volume of distribution of a drug reflects

Answer 11

the volume of plasma that would be necessary for the total amount of drug in the patients body, if found in the same concentration in the plasma
ex: Vd < 3L means its only plasma but a Vd of 40-45 means it goes to total body water

Question 12

protein levels are highest in the ____ and ____ compartments

Answer 12

ICF and vascular compartments

Question 13

3H2O, 2H2PO and antipyrine can be used to measure

Answer 13

total body water

Question 14

22Na, 125-l-iothalamate, thiosulfate and inulin can measure

Answer 14

ECF volume

Question 15

ICF volume cannot be measured with a molecular marker, but can be calculated by measuring ____ an ____ and subtracting

Answer 15

ECF and TBW and subtracting ECF from it

Question 16

plasma volume can be measured with

Answer 16

l-albumin and evans blue dye

Question 17

interstitial volume cannot be measured with molecular markers, but can be calculated by measuring _____ and _____ and then subtracting it

Answer 17

ECF and plasma, subtract plasma from ECF

Question 18

Na vasculature > Na interstiital fluid > Na ICF due to action of

Answer 18

Na K ATPase pump

Question 19

ECF osmolality driven by

Answer 19

Na and Cl

Question 20

ICF osmolality driven by

Answer 20

K

Question 21

symptoms of hypovolemia

Answer 21

decreased skin turgor 
Thirst
dry mucous membranes
sunken eyes
oliguria 
--> tachy, hypotension, tachypnea, confusion

Question 22

hypternatremia concentration:

Hyponatremia concentration:

Answer 22

hyper: 146 mEq/L
Hypo: 136 mEq/L

Question 23

hydration therapy is used to treat

Answer 23

burns, hemorrhage, vomiting/diarrhea, dehydration
target compartment that is volume depleted
Crystalloid fluids
Colloid fluids (contain large proteins and molecules that tend to stay in vascular space)

Question 24

pitting edema is different than non-pitting edema because

Answer 24

pitting refers to freely flowing fluid through tissue space and non-pitting refers to swollen cells within the tissue