Renal Anatomy and Histology

Question 1

source of EPO

Answer 1

fibroblast cells of kidneys

Question 2

renal arteries originate from the

Answer 2

aorta

Question 3

interlobar arteries run between the renal lobes in the space called the

Answer 3

renal collar

Question 4

arcuate arteries run in an arc between the

Answer 4

cortex and medulla

Question 5

glomeruli are located in the

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

the convoluted portions of the tubules are only found in

Answer 6

the cortex

Question 7

the filtration barrier fo the glomerulus consists of slits made up of the ______ of podocytes

Answer 7

interdigitated pedicles of podocytes

Question 8

podocytes are from the _____ layer of bowman’s

Answer 8

visceral

Question 9

the slits, made from the pedicles of podocytes, regulate the size, patency and selectivity of filtration of the intervening diaphragm by

Answer 9

ultrathin diaphragm made of several extracellular protein molecules

Question 10

the chemical barrier fo the glomerular basement membrane has a strong anti- ______ characteristic

Answer 10

anti-anionic

Question 11

presence of _____ in the urine is indicative of damage to the _________

Answer 11

glomerular basement membrane

Question 12

glomerular basement membrane is made up of what two parts

Answer 12

physical barrier

Chemical barrier

Question 13

cells that support glomerular loops, have phagocytic function, and control the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 13

mesangial cells

Question 14

cell types that can resist glomerular distension by their inherent contractile ability

Answer 14

mesangial cells

Question 15

most active tubule in resorption and secretion

Answer 15

proximal convoluted tubule

65% of primitive urine is resorbed by PCT

Question 16

brush border of PCT serves to

Answer 16

increase SA for pumps/aquaporins for resorption

Question 17

tubule that contains sGLT1 (high affinity sodium-glucose co-transporter)

Answer 17

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

loop of henle dives into the _____ and returns to the _______

Answer 18

dives into the medulla and returns to cortex

Question 19

loop of henle functions to set up

Answer 19

hyperosmotic gradient

Question 20

angiotensin II targets which portion of the nephron

Answer 20

distal convoluted tubules

Question 21

collecting ducts primarily function in

Answer 21

water reabsorption

Question 22

principle cells are located in the _______ _______ and are the target of the hormone _______ and _______

Answer 22

collecting ducts
aldosterone and ADH
Contain small cilia

Question 23

intercalated cells are primarily involved in

Answer 23

H+ and bicarb trasport

Question 24

glomeruli are fed by _______ arterioles and drained by _______ arterioles

Answer 24

fed by afferent

drained by efferent

Question 25

peritubular capillaries surround the ______ and function to reuptake ____ and ____

Answer 25

surround the convoluted tubules, lined with fenestrated endothelium
reuptake H2O and salts

Question 26

vasa recta follows the

Answer 26

Loop of Henle

Question 27

Vasa recta functions in the

Answer 27

urine concentrating system

Question 28

renin is secreted by __________ cells if blood pressure is low

Answer 28

juxtaglomerular

Question 29

renin secretion is signaled by the _________ cells if salt levels are low and are located at the distal end of the thick ascending LoH that act as chemoreceptors by monitoring salt levels

Answer 29

macula densa cells

Question 30

part of transitional epithelium that fuse with PM when cell is distended and endocytosed when non-distended

Answer 30

fusiform vesicles

Question 31

the impermeable barrier of the transitional epithelium (urothelium) is provided by

Answer 31

uroplakin proteins forming plaques

Question 32

three layers of the muscularis of the ureters

Answer 32

inner longitudinal
outer circular
outer longitudinal

Question 33

trigone consists of the ________ orifices and the _______

Answer 33

ureter orifices and opening to urethra

Question 34

external urethral sphincter is under _______ control and is made up of _______ muscle

Answer 34

voluntary control

skeletal muscle

Question 35

internal urethral sphincter is under ______ control and is made up of _____ muscle

Answer 35

autonomic control

smooth muscle .