Micturition Flashcards
uretal peristalsis is performed by ______ muscle in the ureters
Contractions are ______ by parasympathetic stimulation and ______ by sympathetic stimulation
smooth msucle
enhanced
inhibited
blockade of urine flow will result in an ______ in hydrostatic pressure in the ureter and subsequent ureter ______
increase in hydrostatic pressure
subsequent ureter dilation
a continued blockade of uretal outflow will lead to a _________ hydrostatic pressure in the kidney
and eventually hydronephrosis
increased hydrostatic pressure in the kidney
describe the ureterorenal reflex
blocked ureter –> pain –> sympathetic reflex tells kidneys to constrict renal arterioles –> decreased urine output
sites of UPJ obstruction
Ureterpelvic junction
behind testicular/ovarian av
over external iliac av (pevlic brim)
ureter transverses bladder wall (intramural part)
if the distance the ureter courses through the bladder is too short, contraction of the bladder will not completely occlude the ureter causing
urine to go back into the ureter during micturition, increases risk of pyelonephritis
dilates ureters
vesicoureteral reflex
during micturition, the detrusor muscle ______
contracts
Internal sphincter is _____
and located within the _____
involuntary
bladder neck
external sphincter is______ and located within the _____
voluntary
urogenital diaphragm
bladder afferent innervation
intravesicle pressure tretch signals (S2-S4) - sacral micturition center
bladder fullness is sensed by
alpha-delta fibers
bladder pain is sensed by
C fibers (unmyelinated)
pelvic nerve innervation of the bladder is __________ and its associated receptor is ____
parasympathetic
ACh signals M3 receptor (stimulates detrusor muscle)
hypogastric innervation of the bladder is ________ and interacts with two receptors: _____ in the bladder wall and _____ in the urethra to do what
sympathetic
B3 receptor in the bladder
A1 receptor in the urethra to inhibit detrusor muscle and contract internal sphincter?
pudendal nerve innervation of the bladder is ________ and innervates the __________
somatic
external sphincter
voluntary control