Micturition Flashcards

1
Q

uretal peristalsis is performed by ______ muscle in the ureters
Contractions are ______ by parasympathetic stimulation and ______ by sympathetic stimulation

A

smooth msucle
enhanced
inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blockade of urine flow will result in an ______ in hydrostatic pressure in the ureter and subsequent ureter ______

A

increase in hydrostatic pressure

subsequent ureter dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a continued blockade of uretal outflow will lead to a _________ hydrostatic pressure in the kidney
and eventually hydronephrosis

A

increased hydrostatic pressure in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the ureterorenal reflex

A

blocked ureter –> pain –> sympathetic reflex tells kidneys to constrict renal arterioles –> decreased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sites of UPJ obstruction

A

Ureterpelvic junction
behind testicular/ovarian av
over external iliac av (pevlic brim)
ureter transverses bladder wall (intramural part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if the distance the ureter courses through the bladder is too short, contraction of the bladder will not completely occlude the ureter causing

A

urine to go back into the ureter during micturition, increases risk of pyelonephritis
dilates ureters
vesicoureteral reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

during micturition, the detrusor muscle ______

A

contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Internal sphincter is _____

and located within the _____

A

involuntary

bladder neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

external sphincter is______ and located within the _____

A

voluntary

urogenital diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bladder afferent innervation

A

intravesicle pressure tretch signals (S2-S4) - sacral micturition center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bladder fullness is sensed by

A

alpha-delta fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bladder pain is sensed by

A

C fibers (unmyelinated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pelvic nerve innervation of the bladder is __________ and its associated receptor is ____

A

parasympathetic

ACh signals M3 receptor (stimulates detrusor muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypogastric innervation of the bladder is ________ and interacts with two receptors: _____ in the bladder wall and _____ in the urethra to do what

A

sympathetic
B3 receptor in the bladder
A1 receptor in the urethra to inhibit detrusor muscle and contract internal sphincter?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pudendal nerve innervation of the bladder is ________ and innervates the __________

A

somatic
external sphincter
voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

parasympathetic activity predominates while the bladder is

A

emptying

17
Q

sympathetic activity predominates when the bladder is

A

filling

18
Q

nicotinic receptors in the bladder are located at the ends of

A

somatic neurons at the external sphincter

19
Q

muscarinic receptors are associated with what activity in the bladder

A

parasympathetic
emptying
M3 receptor
ACh NT

20
Q

Adrenergic receptors in the bladder are associated with

A

alpha 1 in urethra/bladder neck
B2-3 in the detrusor

urine retention/filling

21
Q

regulation of bladder filling and voiding is an ___ / ____ circuit

A

on/off

22
Q

storage reflexes for urine are organized in the

A

spinal cord

23
Q

voiding reflexes are organized in the

A

brain

24
Q

when the bladder is filling, it activates _______ pathways and results in detrusor muscle ______

A

sympathetic pathways

results in detrusor muscle relaxation

25
Q

when the bladder is full, it activates ______ reflexes that transmit to spinal cord and then to brain. Stimulates ________ outflow + inhibits _______
Results in detrusor muscle _____ and urethral sphincter ______

A

activates parasympathetic reflexes - stimulates parasympathetics
inhibits sympathetics and somatic outflow
Results in detrusor muscle contraction and sphincter relaxations

26
Q

brainstem center responsible for controlling and coordinating activity of the sacral micturition center by activating external sphincter relaxation and sacral parasympathetic outflow

A

pontine micturition center

“Barrington’s Nucleus”

27
Q

brainstem control center that recieves afferent bladder signals and passes on to higher brain centers, is the primary excitatory input to the PMC

A

periaqueductal gray

28
Q

higher brain centers can suppress what passing on its input to the PMC

A

the PAG

to prevent incontinence