Renal/Electrolyte Flashcards
Hematuria, abdominal mass, and flank pain are considered a triad for this condition
RCC
This type of cast is associated with each illness: (1) ATN, (2) glomerulonephritis, (3) interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis, (4) nephrotic syndrome, (5) chronic renal failure
- muddy brown cast, 2. RBC, 3. WBC, 4. Fatty, 5.broad and waxy
This is seen with an serum osmol greater than 290.
hyperglycemia and renal failure
This is seen with a serum osmol less than 290 and urine osmol of less than 100.
primary polydipsia (schizophrenia) or malnutrition
This is seen with serum osmol less than 290 and urine osmol of greater than 100 and urine Na greater than 25
SIADH, Adrenal insuff, hypothyroidism
This is seen with serum osmol less than 290 and urine osmol of greater than 100 and urine Na less than 25.
volume depletion, CHF, cirrhosis
Renovascular HTN should be suspected in these 6 situations
1) Eelvation in Cr greater than 30 after on ACE-I
2) Severe HTN with recurrent flash pulm edema
3) severe HTN with diffuse atheroscl
4) Severe HTN after age 55
5) HTN in asymmetric kidney size
6) abdominal bruit
This is how you treat hyponatremia.
3% saline solution at 0.5 mEq/L/hr
This is what happens when you rapidly correct hyponatremia.
Osmotic demyelination or central pontine myelinolysis (excess water moves by osmosis from intracell (neurons and glia) into the extracell area)
This is what happens when you rapidly correct hypernatremia.
Cerebral edema (because water moves into cells)
Angioedema involves This type of deficiency which leads to an elevated level of edema-producing factors C2b and this.
C1; bradykinin
This formula is used to figure out respiratory compensation for metab alka.
PaCO2= (0.9 x bicarb) + 16 +/- 2
This formula is used to figure out respiratory compensation for metab acid
PaCO2 = (1.5 x bicarb) + 8 +/- 2
For minimal change, renal bx is indicated for these situations.
children over 10 yo with nephrotic syndrome, any child with nephritic syn, or unresponsive to steroids
Long-term analgesic use like NSAIDs can cause CKD due to these two things.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (WBC casts) and hematura via papillary necrosis
Patient with DMII and chronic renal insufficiency has a Cr 1.7 and needs to have a CT scan. This type of intervention should be used to help prevent contrast induced kidney damage
non-ionic contrast agent if CT is necessary. (prednisone helps prevent allergic reaction)
A patient with a Na less than 130 and normal serum osmolarity has one of these.
hyperproteinemia or hyperlipidemia
A patient with low Na and high serum osmolarity (greater than 295) has one of these problems.
hyperglycemia or exogenous solutes (radiocontrast, mannitol)
A patient with low serum osmolarity (less than 280) and low ECF with low urine-Na probably has this.
Nonrenal salt loss (dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea)
A patient with low serum osmol, low ECF and high urine-Na probably has this.
Renal salt loss (Diuretics, ACEi, and Mineralocorticoid deficiency)
A patient with low serum osmol and high ECF probably has these.
CHF, Hepatic failure, or nephrotic syndrome
These two things are used to tx of severe or symptomatic hypercalcemia.
Normal saline hydration plus calcitonin for short term; bisphosponate for long term
