Endocrine

Question 1

What are the two triggers for activating aldosterone

Answer 1

angiotensin 2 and potassium

Question 2

What is contraction alkalosis

Answer 2

“intracellular volume contraction”; high levels of aldo restore intravascular volume which leads to loss of urinary proton

Question 3

This amount of prednisone suppress the HPA axis and decreases ACTH and cortisol release

Answer 3

greater than 20 mg and taken for greater than 3 weeks

Question 4

Unexplained nausea, vomiting, ab pain, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, and hypotension in a postop patient who has SLE and presents with Cushingoid features are sypmtoms of this.

Answer 4

Adrenal insufficiency
*because the patient has been taking prednisone for her SLE and thus after coming off for surgery, her HPA was shut down since no more exogenous steroids, which means no more ACTH release and no more cortisol release

Question 5

Otosclerosis, cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, and bony tumors of middle ears can cause this type of hearing loss.

Answer 5

Conductive

Question 6

Acoustic neuroma, presbycusis, aminoglycosides, and Meniere’s disease can cause this type of hearing loss.

Answer 6

Sensorineural

Question 7

Examples of ototoxic meds

Answer 7

aminoglycosides, chemo, aspirin, loop diuretics

Question 8

This thyroid drug has an adverse effect of worsening opthalmopathy and permanent hypothyroidism. This one can cause agranulocytosis.

Answer 8

Radioiodine ablation (worse eyes); thionamides (with PTU causing hepatic failure)

Question 9

These tests can be used to confirm SLE.

Answer 9

anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

Question 10

Increased systemic absorption, adrenal suppression, cataract formation, decreased growth in kids, and interference with bone metabolism are associated with this.

Answer 10

High doses of inhaled corticosteroids