Cards Flashcards
This causes a man to have hemoptysis, non-healing ulcer and chronic purulent nasal discharge? How would you tx this man?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s); tx with cyclophosphamide and steroids
This is considered diagnostic of occlusive PAD
ABI of less than 0.90
This is the age when men with a history of smoking should get screened for AAA
65-75
What has the highest association with stroke
hypertension (4x risk of stroke)
This causes a patient to experience heart failure, arrhythmias, embolization, constitutional symptoms, and an early to mid-diastolic rumble with a mass found in echo. This is the next management.
myxomas; surgical resection
Correcting this risk factors for CAD has the most immediate benefit
Smoking
This is the most common arrhythmia after a sudden cardiac arrest, with 50% occur within the first hour of symptom onset.
Ventricular fibrillation
This is the pathophysiologic mechanism of the arrhythmia that caused a 47 year old with an acute MI within 10 minutes of the episode and causing syncope
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias
This is the tx for a 47 yo patient who has early signs of diabetes and an LDL of 140.
Lifestyle modification and statin tx
These are the four indications for starting statin tx.
1) Clinically significant atherosclerotic dx (like ACS, stroke, PAD, or TIA)
2) LDL greater than 190
3) age 40-75 with DM
4) estimated 10 yr ASCVD risk greater than 7.5
These 3 things are vasospastic disorders.
Raynaud’s phenom, Variant angina, and migraines
This is used to treat variant angina
calcium channel blockers or nitrates
This is the most common anatomical site of origin for a patient showing irregularly irregular rhythms.
pulmonary veins
These conditions are related to the process when a patient’s arterial blood pressure drops greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration.
cardiac tamponade, asthma, COPD
This cardiac rhythm problem is an accessory pathway that conducts depolarization directly from the atria to teh ventricles without tranversing the AV node.
Wolf-Parkinson-White
This is used to treat a patient with a hx of Wolf-P-White presenting with AFib and who is hemo-stable. This is used if pt was hemo-unstable
Rhythm control with IV procainamide. Cardiovert if unstable
These drug tx should be avoided in a patient who is having SVT and VTach with an EKG showing delta waves.
adenosine, beta blocker, CCBs
This three symptoms are related to aortic regurg.
angina, syncope, SOB
This drug can be used to offset the drug that causes peripheral edema.
ACE inhibitor since it causes post-cap venodilation and can normalize the increased cap hydrostatic pressure caused by DHP CCBs (the -pine’s)
This is the process of Kussmaul’s sign
Increase in JVD with inspiration
This is the standard tx for STEMI
NOBASH (nitrate, oxygen, beta block, aspirin, statin, heparin)
These elevations are usually seen in a RV MI in EKG.
II, III, aVF (inferior leads since the RCA feeds inferior wall usually) as well as V4-6R
This scale is used to determine if a patient needs anticoag in AFib. A score of this leads to anticoag
CHADS2 (CHF, HTN, Age greater than 75, DM, Stroke or TIA). Score of 1 is preferred. Score of 2 is required.
This type of disease is associated with a “string of beads” on angiography and with hypertension in children with a bruit or hum in the costovertebral angle
fibromuscular dysplasia
This type of shock is seen when the wedge pressure increases after saline infusion but no change to the BP after an accident.
Cardiogenic
A fourth heart sound indicates this.
Reduced ventricular compliance (a stiff wall)
An early and decrescendo diastolic murmur right after A2 (aortic component of second heart sound) and also high pitched and blowing indicates this.
Aortic regurg
Reversed splitting (when A2 follows P2) is seen with this.
Fixed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (aortic stenosis, LBBB, R ventricular paced rhythm)
This causes an increase in the venous blood return to the right side of the heart. Therefore, right-sided murmurs generally increase in intensity during this.
Inhalation (The increased volume of blood entering the right sided chambers of the heart restricts the amount of blood entering the left-sided chambers of the heart. This causes left-sided murmurs to generally decrease in intensity during inspiration)
Beta blockers aren’t used in cocaine-induced MI because of this.
causes unopposed alpha adrenergic stimulation and worsens coronary vasoconstriction
A patient with atrophic nasal mucosa, dilated pupils and T wave inversion in V4-6 should be treated with this.
Benzodiazepines and oxygen
A 6 year old with a rash and joint pain who has tender ankles and wrists, 101 temp, and a previous sore throat should have taken this for prevention.
Penicillin
Migratory arthritis, carditis, subcuaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and sydenham chorea are signs of this.
Acute rheumatic fever (JONES)
An evanescent pink rash with sharp edges is called this.
erythema marginatum
A patient who had radiation and chemo or cardiac surgery who had elevated JVP, Kussmaul sign, ascites, hepatomegaly, and pitting edema may have this.
Constrictive pericarditis
These drugs cause hyperkalemia.
Beta blockers, ACE/ARBs, Digoxin, NSAIDs, K-sparing diuretics
HACEK (Haemophilus aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter Kingella, Cardiobacterium homin, E correden, Kingella kingae) are organisms that can cause this.
infective endocarditis
