Renal drugs

Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 1

Acts mainly on proximal convoluted tubule
Results in:
Decreased H+ formation in PCT cell
Decreased action of Na/H antiporter - increases Na and HCO3 in urine, decreases H+ in urine
Increases urine pH and decreases body pH
Used for people with high altitude sickness experiencing respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

Loop diuretics

Answer 2

Inhibits luminal Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb
Extremely strong diuretic
Results in decreased reabsorption of Na, K and Cl
Decreased back diffusion of K+ and positive potential
Decreased reabsorption of Mg, Ca
Increased diuresis

Question 3

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 3

Inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter in DCT, blocking reabsorption
Increased urine Na and Cl in DCT and increased diuresis
Enhance reabsorption of Ca in DCT and PCT
Increased body pH

Question 4

K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 4

Aldosterone receptor antagonists: acts on collecting duct where it decreases expression of ENaC, increasing Na+ excretion and increasing diureses; K+ excretion is decreased; urine Ph is decreased and body pH is increased (when we keep potassium, we keep hydrogen)