Renal Drugs Flashcards by Daniel Coquyt

Mannitol - mech

Osmotic diuretic.

Increases tubular fluid osmolarity to increase urine flow, decrease ICP/IOP

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Mannitol - use (2)

Drug overdose

Elevated ICP/IOP

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Mannitol - side fx (3)

Pulmonary edema
Dehydration
Contraindicated in anuria, HF

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Acetazolamide - mech

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Gets rid of NaHCO3 from the body

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Acetazolamide - use (5)

Glaucoma
Urinary alkalinization
Metabolic alkalosis
Altitude sickness
Pseudomotor cerebri

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Acetazolamide - side fx (4)

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Paresthesias
NH3 toxicity
Sulfa allergy

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Furosemide - mech (4)

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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Furosemide - use (3)

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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Furosemide - side fx (6)

OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout

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Bumetanide - mech (4)

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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Bumetanide - use (3)

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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Bumetanide - side fx (6)

OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout

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Torsemide - mech (4)

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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Torsemide - use (3)

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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Torsemide - side fx (6)

OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout

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Ethacrynic acid - mech

Phenoxyacetic acid derivative

Same action as furosemide

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Ethacrynic acid - use

Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

Ethacrynic acid - side fx

OH DNG + can cause hyperuricemia

Chlorthalidone - mech (3)

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT to decrease diluting capacity of nephron
Decreases Ca excretion

Chlorthalidone - use (5)

HTN
HF
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Osteoporosis

Chlorthalidone - side fx (7)

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Sulfa allergy

Hydrochlorothiazide - mech (3)

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT to decrease diluting capacity of nephron
Decreases Ca excretion

Hydrochlorothiazide - use (5)

HTN
HF
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Osteoporosis

Hydrochlorothiazide - side fx (7)

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Sulfa allergy

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - mech (2)

K+ sparing diuretic | Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in CCT

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - use (3)

Hypderaldosteronism K+ depletion HF

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - side fx (2)

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias) | Endocrine effects with spironolactone

Triamterene - mech

K+ sparing diuretic | Blocks Na channels in CCT

Triamterene - use (3)

Hypderaldosteronism K+ depletion HF

Triamterene - side fx

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias)

Amiloride - mech

K+ sparing diuretic | Blocks Na channels in CCT

Amiloride - use (3)

Hypderaldosteronism K+ depletion HF

Amiloride - side fx

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias)

ACEi (prils) - mech (3)

Inhibit ACE to decrease AngII Decrease GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles Bradykinin goes up because ACE can't break it down

ACEi (prils) - use (5)

HTN HF Proteinuria Diabetic nephropathy (slows GBM thickening) Prevents unfavourable heart remodeling in chronic HTN

ACEi (-prils) - side fx (7)

``` CATCHH Cough Angioedema Teratogen Creatinine Up (b/c GFR down) Hyperkalemia hTN Avoid in bilateral renal artery stenosis b/c ACEi drop GFR, risk renal failure ```

ARBs (-sartans) - mech (2)

Binds AngII receptors | Does not increase bradykinin

ARBs (-sartans) - use (4)

``` HTN HF Proteinuria Diabetic nephropathy (If intolerance to ACEi) ```

ARBs (-sartans) - side fx (4)

Hyperkalemia Decreased renal function hTN Teratogen

Aliskiren - mech

Direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to AngI

Aliskiren - use

HTN

Aliskiren - side fx

Hyperkalemia Decreased renal function hTN Cx in diabetics on ACEi/ARBs