Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

(Pharm) 01 > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Hydralazine - mechanism?

A

Increases cGMP –> smooth muscle relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydralazine - use? 2+2

A

Acute severe HTN, HF, safe for pregnancy. Given with B-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydralazine - toxicity? (5)

A

Reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, headache, angina, lupus-like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diltiazem/verapamil - mech? (4)

A

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in heart
Decrease conduction velocity
Increase ERP
Increase PR interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nimodipine - mech?

A

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nimodipine - use? (1)

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clevidipine - use? (1)

A

Hypertensive urgency or emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diltiazem/verapamil - use? (4)

A

HTN
Angina
AFib/flutter rate control
Prevention of nodal arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clevidipine - mech?

A

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nifedipine - mech?

A

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diltiazem - side fx? (7)

A 
Cardiac depression
AV block 
Peripheral edema, 
Flushing
Dizziness
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Verapamil - side fx? (8)

A 
HYPERPROLACTINEMIA
Cardiac depression
AV block 
Peripheral edema, 
Flushing
Dizziness
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nitroprusside - use? (1)

A

Hypertensive emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nitroprusside - mechanism?

A

Short acting, increase cGMP via direct release of NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nitroprusside - side fx?

A

CN toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fenoldopam - use? (1)

A

Hypertensive emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fenoldopam - mechanism?

A

Dopamine D1 receptor agonist - coronary, peripheral, renal, and splanchnic vasodilation. Decreases BP and increases natriuresis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nitroglycerin - use? (3)

A

Angina, acute coronary synddrome, pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nitroglycerin - mech?

A

Vasodilate by increasing NO in vasc smooth muscle - increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Veins more than arteries to decrease preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nitroglycerin - side fx? (4)

A

Reflex tachycardia (tx with B-blockers)
Flushing
Headache
“Monday disease”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate - use? (3)

A

Angina, acute coronary synddrome, pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate - mech?

A

Vasodilate by increasing NO in vasc smooth muscle - increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Veins more than arteries to decrease preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate - side fx (4)?

A

Reflex tachycardia (tx with B-blockers)
Flushing
Headache
“Monday disease”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate - use? (3)

A

Angina, acute coronary synddrome, pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Isosorbide mononitrate - mech?
Vasodilate by increasing NO in vasc smooth muscle - increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Veins more than arteries to decrease preload.
26
Isosorbide mononitrate - side fx? (4)
Reflex tachycardia (tx with B-blockers) Flushing Headache "Monday disease"
27
Statins - use (3)
Decrease LDL greatly Increase HDL Decrease TG
28
Statins - mech?
Inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, decrease mortality in CAD patients
29
Statins - side fx? (2)
Hepatotoxicity (LFTs) | Myopathy (esp w/ fibrates & niacin)
30
Cholestyramine - use (3)
Decrease LDL Increase HDL slightly Increase TG slightly
31
Colestipol - use (3)
Decrease LDL Increase HDL slightly Increase TG slightly
32
Colesevelam - use (3)
Decrease LDL Increase HDL slightly Increase TG slightly
33
Cholestyramine - mech
Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver uses cholesterol to make more
34
Colestipol - mech
Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver uses cholesterol to make more
35
Colesevelam - mech
Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver uses cholesterol to make more
36
Cholestyramine - side fx? (2)
GI upset | Decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins
37
Colestipol - side fx? (2)
GI upset | Decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins
38
Colesevelam - side fx? (2)
GI upset | Decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins
39
Ezetimibe - use
Decrease LDL
40
Ezetimibe - mech
Prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
41
Ezetimibe - side fx? (2)
Rare increase in LFTs | Diarrhea
42
Gemfibrozil - use?
Decrease LDL Increase HDL Decrease TG greatly
43
Clofibrate - use?
Decrease LDL Increase HDL Decrease TG greatly
44
Bezafibrate - use?
Decrease LDL Increase HDL Decrease TG greatly
45
Fenofibrate - use?
Decrease LDL Increase HDL Decrease TG greatly
46
Gemfibrozil - mech? (2)
Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance | Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis
47
Clofibrate - mech? (2)
Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance | Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis
48
Bezafibrate - mech? (2)
Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance | Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis
49
Fenofibrate - mech? (2)
Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance | Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis
50
Gemfibrozil - side fx? (2)
Myopathy (increased risk with statins) | Cholesterol gallstones
51
Clofibrate - side fx? (2)
Myopathy (increased risk with statins) | Cholesterol gallstones
52
Bezafibrate - side fx? (2)
Myopathy (increased risk with statins) | Cholesterol gallstones
53
Fenofibrate - side fx? (2)
Myopathy (increased risk with statins) | Cholesterol gallstones
54
Niacin (Vit B3) - use?
Decrease LDL Increase HDL (best) Decrease TG
55
Niacin - mech? (2)
``` Inhibits lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue Reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis ```
56
Niacin (Vit B3) - side fx?
Red flushed face (fix with NSAIDs/long term use) Hyperglycemia Hyperuricemia
57
Digoxin - use? (2)
HF (increase contractility) | AFib (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA node)
58
Digoxin - mech?
Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase to indirectly inhibit the Na/Ca exchanger leading to increase in IC Ca = positive inotropy Stimulates vagus nerve to decrease HR
59
Digoxin - side fx
Cholinergic - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision, arrhythmias, AV block Hyperkalemia
60
Digoxin - antidote (4)
Slowly normalize K+ Cardiac pacer Anti-digoxin Fab fragments Mg2+
61
Quinidine - mech? (4)
Class IA antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker) Increase AP duration Increase ERP in ventricular AP Increase QT interval
62
Quinidine - use? (3)
Atrial arrhythmias Ventricular arrhythmias Re-entrant and ectopic SVT/VTs
63
Quinidine - side fx? (3)
Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus) Thrombocytopenia Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
64
Procainamide - mech? (4)
Class IA antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker) Increase AP duration Increase ERP in ventricular AP Increase QT interval
65
Procainamide - use? (3)
Atrial arrhythmias Ventricular arrhythmias Re-entrant and ectopic SVT/VTs
66
Procainamide - side fx? (3)
Reversible SLE-like syndrome Thrombocytopenia Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
67
Disopyramide - mech? (4)
Class IA antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker) Increase AP duration Increase ERP in ventricular AP Increase QT interval
68
Disopyramide- use? (3)
Atrial arrhythmias Ventricular arrhythmias Re-entrant and ectopic SVT/VTs
69
Disopyramide - side fx? (3)
Heart failure Thrombocytopenia Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
70
Lidocaine - mech? (2)
Class IB antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker) Decrease AP duration Prefers affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue
71
Lidocaine - use? (2)
Acute ventricular arrhythmias (ESP POST MI) | Digitalis-induced arrhythmias
72
Lidocaine - side fx? (2)
CNS stimulation/depression | CV depression
73
Mexiletine - mech? (2)
Class IB antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker) Decrease AP duration Prefers affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue
74
Mexiletine - use? (2)
Acute ventricular arrhythmias (ESP POST MI) | Digitalis-induced arrhythmias
75
Mexiletine - side fx? (2)
CNS stimulation/depression | CV depression
76
Flecainide - mech? (3)
Significantly prolongs ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts No effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue Minimal effect on AP duration
77
Flecainide - use? (2)
SVTs, including AFib | Last resort in refractory VT
78
Flecainide - side fx?
Proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (contraindicated)
79
Propafenone - mech? (3)
Significantly prolongs ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts No effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue Minimal effect on AP duration
80
Propafenone - use? (2)
SVTs, including AFib | Last resort in refractory VT
81
Propafenone - side fx?
Proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (contraindicated)
82
B-blockers (-olol) - mech (4)
Class II Antiarrhythmics Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP, Ca currents. Decreases slope of phase 4 AV node is particularly sensitive - increases PR interval
83
B-blockers (-olol) - use (2)
SVT | Ventricular rate control for AFib/flutter
84
B-blockers (-olol) - side fx? (5)
``` Impotence Exacerbation of COPD and asthma CV fx (bradycardia, AV block, HF) CNS fx (sedation) Mask hypoglycemia ```
85
Propanolol - side fx?
Exacerbate vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina
86
Metoprolol - side fx?
Dyslipidemia
87
B-blockers (-olol) - antidote? (3)
Saline Atropine Glucagon
88
Amiodarone - mech? (5)
``` Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker Increases AP duration Increases ERP Increases QT interval Has Class I - 4 effects ```
89
Amiodarone - use
AFib/Flutter | VT
90
Amiodarone - side fx (7)
``` Pulmonary fibrosis Hepatotoxicity Hypo/hyperthyroidism Neurologic fx Constipation CV effects (bradycardia, heart block, HF) Check PFTs, LFTs, and TFTs ```
91
Ibutilide - mech? (4)
Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker Increases AP duration Increases ERP Increases QT interval
92
Ibutilide - use
AFib/Flutter
93
Ibutilide - side fx
Torsades de pointes
94
Dofetilide - mech? (4)
Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker Increases AP duration Increases ERP Increases QT interval
95
Dofetilide - use
AFib/Flutter
96
Dofetilide - side fx
None
97
Sotalol - mech? (4)
Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker Increases AP duration Increases ERP Increases QT interval
98
Sotalol - use
AFib/Flutter | VT
99
Sotalol - side fx
Torsades de pointes | Excessive B blockade
100
Adenosine - mech & considerations (2)
Shifts K out of cells to hyperpolarize and decrease Ca Very short acting Effects blunted by theophylline and caffeine
101
Adenosine - use
Diagnosing and abolishing SVT
102
Adenosine - side fx
``` Flushing hTN Chest pain Sense of impending doom Bronchospasm ```

(Pharm) 01 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions