Renal Disease

Question 1

How many litres does the kidney filter a day?

Answer 1

180

Question 2

How many litres does the kidney resorb a day?

Answer 2

178

Question 3

How does the kidney work?

Answer 3

Tubules resorb

Glomerular capillary filters blood e.g. removes urea but keeps rbcs and albumin

Question 4

What can go wrong with the kidney?

causes of acute renal failure and chronic renal failure

Answer 4

ACUTE:

• Not enough filtration
• Not enough blood flow - BP falls = urine output falls = acute renal failure
• Blocked filter = accumulation in blood = creatinine increases
• Leaky membranes can cause proteinuria e.g. loss of albumin = nephrotic syndrome
• Too little resorption - faulty tubules = more urine and lack of blood supply = acute tubular necrosis

CHRONIC:

• Lack of glomeruli
• Blocked/inflamed tubules
• Tubules die off in chunks

Infection

Question 5

Causes of a blocked filter?

Answer 5

Sometimes nothing to see
Proteins - membranous glomerulonephritis
Cells - proliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 6

Incidence of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

3% of all new cancers
8000 cases per yr in UK
Is increasing

Question 7

Risk factors of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 7

Obesity
Cigarette smoking
von Hippel Lindau syndrome
Acquired renal cystic disease

Question 8

How do renal cell carcinomas spread?

Answer 8

Direct
Lymphatic
Blood, bone

Question 9

How to treat renal cell carcinomas?

Answer 9

Radiotherapy

Surgical resection

Question 10

Prognosis of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

Depends on stage

Average 40% 5 yr survival