GI 1 - Upper tract

Question 1

What mucosa is there in the stomach?

Answer 1

Glandular mucosa due to acid

Question 2

What is the mucosa in the oesophagus? When would this differ?

Answer 2

Squamous epi to protect against rough foods BUT in barret’s oesophagus = glandular mucosa

Question 3

What is metaplasia?

Answer 3

Change in differentiation of a cell from one fully differentiated type to a different fully differentiated type

Question 4

What occurs to the mucosa in acid reflux?

Answer 4

Acid refluxes into oesophagus = squamous cells die = ulcer at bottom of oesophagus

Question 5

How does the oesophagus’ mucosa change in acid reflux?

Answer 5

Normal oesophageal squamous epi
GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
= Metaplastic oesophageal glandular epi
CONTINUING REFLUX AND OTHER FACTORS
= dysplastic oesophageal glandular epi
CONTINUING REFLUX AND OTHER FACTORS
= Neoplastic oesophageal glandular epi

Question 6

Oesophageal cancer - more common in?

Answer 6

Males, elder, china

Question 7

Risk factors of oesophageal cancer?

Answer 7

Smoking more than 35yrs

Heavy alcohol intake

Question 8

Survival rate of oesophageal and gastric cancer?

Answer 8

5 yr survival rate is under 10% as it presents late and is difficult to remove

Question 9

What occurs in helicobactor infection?

Answer 9

Acute inflam in stomach = stomach pain

Question 10

Gastric cancer prevalence?

Answer 10

Decrease in incidence
Most popular in eastern Asia
75-79 yrs most common

Question 11

What occurs in coeliacs disease?

Answer 11

Villous atrophy and bigger crypts (hypertrophy)
Mucosa’s number of lymphocytes has increased
Immune reaction to gluten - sensitised T cells to it = react to gluten and kill cells