Renal disease Flashcards
What do the kidneys do?
control fluid volume (and so blood pressure)
control serum sodium and potassium
control serum calcium and phosphate
control H+ concentration
eliminate toxins and drugs
activate vitamin d
secrete erythropoetin (EPO)
what does a renal ultrasound test for?
scarring, have they got 2?, damage, blockages
who is at risk for kidney disease development?
CVD, AKI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, african/asian/caribbean descent, chronic use of NSAIDs, chronic viral infection eg HIV/hepatitis B
What are SGLT- 2 inhibitors?
new drug for diabetes, blocks SGLT-2 channels, has effect on vascular tissues and can work for people with proteinuric CKD, have to have GFR >25
What do most people with CKD die from?
Cardiac disease
When is anaemia prevalent in CKD?
33% when GFR 15
What is Calciphylaxis?
a result of very high calcium and phosphate. calcium accumulates in small blood vessels of the fat and skin tissues, causing blood clots and painful skin ulcers. Sepsis and death is common.
What is the condition in which your body to pass too much protein in your urine, and is caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood
Nephrotic syndrome
What are some pros and cons of hemodialysis?
Pros- done by medical professional, 4 dialysis free days a week, can be trained to use at home, ideal for low kidney function, make friends, reduced complication with AV fistula
Cons- restricted diet and fluid, plan life, medications, low BP, muscle cramps, plumbing
What are some pros and cons of peritoneal dialysis?
Pros- can do all day or overnight, at home. as good as hemodialysis, fewer medications, can work, reduced stress on heart and blood vessels
Cons- done everyday, may find distressing, risk of infection, scarring, weight gain, not good for obese or severe abdominal scarring
What did a systematic review from zazzerini et al find on the comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
No unanimous conclusion on effect of QoL, may be individual to patient. Found better effect on kidney disease in peritoneal
Do patients with AKI have higher risk of CKD and end stage renal failure?
Yes- systematic review found that AKI is a big risk factor for CKD- higher the lower baseline GFR
