Renal Disease

Question 1

group of disorders characterized by rbc and albumin caused by a variety of conditions that vary from benign to severe renal damage leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Answer 1

hematuria/proteinuria syndrome

Question 2

drugs that cause red urine

Answer 2

pyridium (phenazopyridine)
phenothiazine
rifampicin
anthraquinone laxatives (dorbanex)

Question 3

most common abdominal mass in children

Answer 3

congenital hydronephrosis

Question 4

most common abdominal tumor in children

Answer 4

wilm’s tumor

Question 5

most common renal tumor in less than 1 yr old

Answer 5

mesonephric blastoma

Question 6

significant hematuria is generally considered as how many microliters?

Answer 6

> 50 RBC/uL

Question 7

most common cause of gross hematuria

Answer 7

bacterial urinary tract infection

Question 8

urethral bleeding in the absence of urine

Answer 8

urethrorrhagia

Question 9

most common glomerular disease in all ages

Answer 9

IgA nephropathy

Question 10

microalbuminuria

Answer 10

30-300 mg albumin/g creatinine

Question 11

cause of 80% acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

group A beta hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes)

Question 12

top causes of ESRD

Answer 12

diabetes mellitus

Question 13

non streptococcal AGN parasitic cause

Answer 13

malaria
schistosomiasis
filaria
toxoplasmosis

Question 14

classic syndrome of:
edema
hematuria
hypertension
oliguria
azotemia

Answer 14

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 15

in AGN how many weeks:
diuretic phase?
convalescent phase?

Answer 15

diuretic phase: 2-3 weeks

convalescent phase: 2-4 weeks

Question 16

hematuria
edema
hypertension
renal insufficiency

Answer 16

acute nephritic syndrome

Question 17

nephritogenic antigen that is found on bacterial wall

Answer 17

M and T proteins

Question 18

pathognomonic finding of AGN

Answer 18

subepithelial humps

Question 19

criterion for positive urine culture in catheterized patients

Answer 19

50,000 CFU/mL

Question 20

one of the most common congenital anomalies causing UTI

Answer 20

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 21

syndrome where you have increased nitrogenous retention or waste

Answer 21

uremia

Question 22

recommended diagnostic test for UTI

Answer 22

renal and bladder ultrasonography

Question 23

when is routine voiding cytourethrography not recommended

Answer 23

after first UTI

Question 24

follow up test that should be done 4-6 months after and shows scars

Answer 24

DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) Scan

Question 25

most accurate test for renal function

Answer 25

DPTA scan

Question 26

archetype of actue GN

Answer 26

post streptococcal GN

Question 27

heavy proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema

Answer 27

nephrotic syndrome

Question 28

most common primary nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 28

minimal change lesion (80%)

Question 29

nephrotic syndrome infiltrated by many inflammatory WBC (membranes not too thickened)

Answer 29

mesangioproliferative GN

Question 30

accretion o hard solid, non-metallic minerals in the urinary tract

Answer 30

urolithiasis

Question 31

magnesium
citrate
pyrophosphate

Answer 31

calcium phosphate crystal system

Question 32

citrate
chondroitin sulfate
pyrophosphate
nephrocalcin RNA fragments

Answer 32

calcium oxalate crystal system

Question 33

infection stones

Answer 33

struvite stones