Renal. Cysts and hematuria + casts

Question 1

Cysts. simple. wall?

Answer 1

thin, smooth, regular wall

Question 2

Cysts. malignant. wall?

Answer 2

thick, irregular

Question 3

Cysts. simple. number?

Answer 3

unilocular

Question 4

Cysts. malignant. number?

Answer 4

multilocular

Question 5

Cysts. simple. septs?

Answer 5

no septae

Question 6

Cysts. malignant. septs?

Answer 6

multiple septae, occasionally thick and calcified

Question 7

Cysts. simple. content?

Answer 7

homogenous

Question 8

Cysts. malignant. content?

Answer 8

heterogenous (solid and cystic)

Question 9

Cysts. simple. CT + contrast?

Answer 9

abscence of contrast enhancement on CT/MRI

Question 10

Cysts. malignant. CT + contrast?

Answer 10

presence of contrast enhancement on CT/MRI

Question 11

Cysts. simple. symptoms?

Answer 11

usually asymptomatic

Question 12

Cysts. malignant. symptoms?

Answer 12

may cause pain, hematuria or hypertension

Question 13

Cysts. simple. follow up?

Answer 13

no follow up needed

Question 14

Cysts. malignant follow up?

Answer 14

requires follow up imaging and urological evaluation for malignancy

Question 15

Hematuria. how is defined?

Answer 15

> = 3 RBCs/hpf

Question 16

Hematuria. 3 goups?

Answer 16

glomerular and nonglomerular

Question 17

Hematuria. glomerular. type of hematuria that predominates?

Answer 17

microscopic > gross

Question 18

Hematuria. glomerular. etiologies 2 groups?

Answer 18

GN (PSGN, IgA)
Basement membrane disorder (alport)

Question 19

Hematuria. glomerular. clinical presentation?

Answer 19

nonspecific or no symptoms
NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

Question 20

Hematuria. glomerular. urinalysis?

Answer 20

blood and proteins

RBC casts, dysmorphic RBCs

Question 21

Hematuria. nonglomerular. type of hematuria predominates?

Answer 21

gross > microscopic

Question 22

Hematuria. nonglomerular. etiologies? 5

Answer 22

stones
cancer (renal, prostate)
PKD
infections (eg cystitis)
papillary necrosis

Question 23

Hematuria. nonglomerular. clinical presentation?2

Answer 23

dysuria
urinary obstruction

Question 24

Hematuria. nonglomerular. urinalysis?

Answer 24

blood BU NOT PROTEIN (opposite to glomerular causes)

normal appearing RBCs

Question 25

Muddy brown casts?

Answer 25

ATN

Question 26

ATN casts?

Answer 26

Muddy brown

Question 27

RBC casts?

Answer 27

GN or vasculitis

Question 28

GN or vasculitis casts?

Answer 28

RBC

Question 29

WBC casts?

Answer 29

pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis

Question 30

pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis casts?

Answer 30

WBC casts

Question 31

Fatty casts?

Answer 31

nephrotic syndrome

Question 32

nephrotic syndrome casts?

Answer 32

fatty

Question 33

broad and waxy casts?

Answer 33

CKD

Question 34

CKD casts?

Answer 34

broad and waxy casts

Question 35

Hyaline casts? 2

Answer 35

asymptomatic individuals, pre-renal azotemia

Question 36

asymptomatic individuals, pre-renal azotemia casts?

Answer 36

Hyaline

Question 37

BK nephropathy. what causative agent?

Answer 37

kazkoks blet BK virusas cia

Question 38

BK nephropathy. characterized in lab?

Answer 38

hematuria, pyuria, WBC casts

Question 39

BK nephropathy. in what patients more common?

Answer 39

who received renal transplants

Question 40

BK nephropathy. diagnosis?

Answer 40

biopsy.

Question 41

BK nephropathy. what is seen on biopsy?

Answer 41

intranuclear inclusions
Mixed lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates

Question 42

Benign recurrent hematuria. how is it called?

Answer 42

Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy

Question 43

Benign recurrent hematuria. how presents?

Answer 43

it is benign FAMILIAL condition that presents as microscopic hematuria

Question 44

Benign recurrent hematuria. does it worsen kidney function?

Answer 44

no