Renal Conditions Flashcards
what causes UTIs?
E.coli
how does UTI usually occurs?
bacteria ascending up the urethra
what are the 3 symptoms of UTIs?
1) emptying - difficulty voiding or difficulty starting
2) storage - incontinence
3) older adults - bc they are old lol they dont show the classic symptoms but will present delirium
dysuria, urine frequency
what tests do they do for UTI?
they test for nitrites (abnormal) by doing dipstick urinalysis or urine culture. So midstream clean catch sample
nitrates are normal.
what is given to help UTI?
adequate fluid intake and antibiotic.
will also include counselling about risk for recurrence
what is acute pyelonephritis?
inflammation of the renal pelvic and kidney.
you will have costovertabral tenderness
what is urosepsis?
systemic infection arising from a urological source
what is chronic pyelonephritis?
kidney the has become shrunken and lost function owing to scarring or fibrosis (due to recurring infections involving upper urinary tract)
diagnosis made by radiological imaging and histological analysis
what is urethritis?
inflammation of the urethra
what is interstitial cystitis?
chronic, painful inflammatory disease of the bladder.
pain in suprapubic area but may involver vagina, labia or perineal region
what is glomerulonephritis
immune-related inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production and edema
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
develops 5-21 days after strep infection
what is goodpassure’s syndrome?
autoimmune disease characterized by presence of antibodies circulating against the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
what is rapid progressive glomerulonephritis?
rapid and progressive loss of renal function over days to weeks
what is chronic glomerulonephritis?
end stage of glomeruli inflammatory disease
what is nephrotic syndrome?
clinical course that includes peripheral edema, massive proteinuria, dyslipedmia and hypoalbuminemia
what are the inter professional care for these immunological disorders?
usually diet adjustment where its low protein since these disorders bring lots of protein.
low salt
also antihypertensive therapy like diuretics to reduce fluid in body since kidneys not working properly
what is obstructive uropthies?
any anatomical or functional condition that blocks or impedes the flow or urine
damage from the urinary tract obstruction affects the system above the level of the obstructuib
what is a urinary tract calculi?
crystals when in supersaturated concentration can precipitate and form a stone
what is nephrolithiasis
formation of stones in the urinary tract
how do you prevent urinary tract calculi?
drink water because the fluid keeps urine flowing and reduces stone
what are 3 surgeries for urinary tract calculi procedure?
1) endourological procedure - basically large stones broken up
2) lithotripsy - use of sound waves to break renal stones into small particles that can be eliminated
3) surgical therapy - nephrolithotomy is an incision into the kidney to remove a stone
what are strictures?
abnormal temporary or permanent narrowing of the lumen of a hallow organ
what are the 2 types of strictures?
ureteral - affects length of ureter and usually happens during an unintended result of surgical intervention
urethral stricture - results of fibrosis or inflammation of the urethral lumen
