Renal Conditions

Question 1

what causes UTIs?

Answer 1

E.coli

Question 2

how does UTI usually occurs?

Answer 2

bacteria ascending up the urethra

Question 3

what are the 3 symptoms of UTIs?

Answer 3

1) emptying - difficulty voiding or difficulty starting

2) storage - incontinence

3) older adults - bc they are old lol they dont show the classic symptoms but will present delirium

dysuria, urine frequency

Question 4

what tests do they do for UTI?

Answer 4

they test for nitrites (abnormal) by doing dipstick urinalysis or urine culture. So midstream clean catch sample

nitrates are normal.

Question 5

what is given to help UTI?

Answer 5

adequate fluid intake and antibiotic.

will also include counselling about risk for recurrence

Question 6

what is acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 6

inflammation of the renal pelvic and kidney.

you will have costovertabral tenderness

Question 7

what is urosepsis?

Answer 7

systemic infection arising from a urological source

Question 8

what is chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

kidney the has become shrunken and lost function owing to scarring or fibrosis (due to recurring infections involving upper urinary tract)

diagnosis made by radiological imaging and histological analysis

Question 9

what is urethritis?

Answer 9

inflammation of the urethra

Question 10

what is interstitial cystitis?

Answer 10

chronic, painful inflammatory disease of the bladder.

pain in suprapubic area but may involver vagina, labia or perineal region

Question 11

what is glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

immune-related inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production and edema

Question 12

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 12

develops 5-21 days after strep infection

Question 13

what is goodpassure’s syndrome?

Answer 13

autoimmune disease characterized by presence of antibodies circulating against the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

Question 14

what is rapid progressive glomerulonephritis?

Answer 14

rapid and progressive loss of renal function over days to weeks

Question 15

what is chronic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 15

end stage of glomeruli inflammatory disease

Question 16

what is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 16

clinical course that includes peripheral edema, massive proteinuria, dyslipedmia and hypoalbuminemia

Question 17

what are the inter professional care for these immunological disorders?

Answer 17

usually diet adjustment where its low protein since these disorders bring lots of protein.

low salt

also antihypertensive therapy like diuretics to reduce fluid in body since kidneys not working properly

Question 18

what is obstructive uropthies?

Answer 18

any anatomical or functional condition that blocks or impedes the flow or urine

damage from the urinary tract obstruction affects the system above the level of the obstructuib

Question 19

what is a urinary tract calculi?

Answer 19

crystals when in supersaturated concentration can precipitate and form a stone

Question 20

what is nephrolithiasis

Answer 20

formation of stones in the urinary tract

Question 21

how do you prevent urinary tract calculi?

Answer 21

drink water because the fluid keeps urine flowing and reduces stone

Question 22

what are 3 surgeries for urinary tract calculi procedure?

Answer 22

1) endourological procedure - basically large stones broken up

2) lithotripsy - use of sound waves to break renal stones into small particles that can be eliminated

3) surgical therapy - nephrolithotomy is an incision into the kidney to remove a stone

Question 23

what are strictures?

Answer 23

abnormal temporary or permanent narrowing of the lumen of a hallow organ

Question 24

what are the 2 types of strictures?

Answer 24

ureteral - affects length of ureter and usually happens during an unintended result of surgical intervention

urethral stricture - results of fibrosis or inflammation of the urethral lumen

Question 25

what is nephrosclerosis?

Answer 25

sclerosis of the small arteries and arterioles of the kidneys resulting in renal tissue destruction

treatment focuses on treating hypertension

Question 26

discuss renal artery stenosis

Answer 26

partial occlusion of one or both renal arteries and their major branches

• major cause is abrupt onset hypertension which results in lack of blood flow to kidneys and triggers RAAS

Question 27

what is renal vein thrombosis

Answer 27

embolus occurring in the renal vein that can occur on one or both veins

• anticoagulation is needed

Question 28

what is urinary incontinence?

Answer 28

uncontrolled loss of urine

Question 29

what is urinary retention?

Answer 29

inability to empty bladder despite micturition or the accumulation of urine in the bladder because of the inability to urinate

• may be associated with dribbling urinary leakage

Question 30

what catheterization is used when theres a complete obstruction of the ureter?

Answer 30

nephrostomy tubes

Question 31

what catheterization is used for urinary retention?

Answer 31

intermittent catheterization

Question 32

look at urinary diversion on youtube