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NURS 2056 > chronic neurological conditions > Flashcards

chronic neurological conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a migraine?

A

throbbing pain and need to minimize stimulus (noise, light, odours, people or stressors)

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2
Q

what is tension headache?

A

aka stress headache, bilateral location and pressing or tightening quality

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3
Q

what is a cluster headache?

A

affects the trigeminal nerve implicated in the production of pain

intense stabbing pain

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4
Q

what are the interprofessional care for headaches?

A

meds, avoid triggers, relaxation techniques

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5
Q

what is a seizure?

A

abnormal neurons that
seem to fire without a clear cause

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6
Q

what is the requirement to be diagnosed with epilepsy?

A

type of seizure disorder in which at least 2 spontaneous
seizures occur more than 24 hours apart

  • Not considered epilepsy if there is an underlying condition (systemic or
    metabolic disturbance)
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7
Q

what is a seizure?

A

abnormal neurons that
seem to fire without a clear cause

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8
Q

what are the 4 phases of a seizure? in terms of clinical manifestations

A

1) Prodrome phase – signs or activities that precede seizure

2) Aural phase – sensory warning

3) Ictal phase – full seizure

4) Postictal phase – period of recovery after the seizure

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9
Q

what are the 2 general categories of seizures?

A

1) generalized - affects entire brain with no warning or aura

2) focal onset seizures - begins in a specific region of the cortex and may be confined to one side

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of generalized seizures?

A

1) tonic-clonic seizure
- LOC
- body stiffens and then extremities jerk
- fall to ground if upright

2) other generalized motor seizures
- atonic seizure : loss of muscle tone
- clonic seizure: loss of awareness, loss of muscle tone
- tonic seizure: increased tone and stiff movements

3) generalized onset non motor seizure
- occurs in children
- the child will look like they’re daydreaming and will stare
atypical absence : starring spell and eye blinking or jerking of lips
myoclonic absence: arm abduction leading to arm elevation
eyelid myoclonia: jerking of eyelids, often with upward eye deviation

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11
Q

what are 2 types of focal onset seizures?

A

1) focal aware seizures
- no LOC
- involve motor or sensory

2) focal impaired awareness seizures
- LOC
- dream like state
- eyes are open, can make movements but cannot interact with others
- may do things that are dangerous or embarrassing
- they dont remember anything after seizure

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12
Q

what are 2 complications of seizureS?

A

1) status epilepticus
- state of continuous seizure activity in which seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures
- THIS IS A NEURO EMERGENCY; brain damage can happen

2) psychosocial
- you aint never got drive lol

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13
Q

what are the diagnostic studies for seizures?

A

family history is very important
and neuro assessment

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14
Q

what is the inter professional care for seizures?

A

medication therapy

nutrition - keto diet ketones that pass into the brain where they replace glucose as an energy source

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15
Q

what are the emergency management for seizures?

A

ABC

positioning : side lying

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16
Q

what is multiple sclerosis?

A

chronic and progressive degeneration of the CNS caused by an autoimmune disorder. Disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain, spinal cord and
optic nerves

17
Q

does MS happen in men or women more?

A

women more than men

18
Q

what is the onset age range for MS?

A

20 - 50

19
Q

what does MS lead to?

A

axon demyelination

20
Q

explain the path for MS?

A

watch YouTube video

21
Q

can myelin generate itself?

A

yes it can but most often they relapse but this isn’t too good either because it creates scar tissue which can slow down impulses so either way you are screwed

22
Q

what are the 5 types of MS?

A

1) clinically isolated syndrome

2) relapsing - remitting

3) primary progressive - Slow and steady disease progression from onset with occasional
plateaus and temporary minor improvements – no clear relapses or
remissions

4) Secondary-progressive A relapsing-remitting initial course, followed by progression with or
without occasional relapses, minor remissions and plateaus.

5) Progressive - relapsing: Periods between relapses are characterized by
continuing progression.

23
Q

what are diagnostic tests for ms?

A

theres no definite test that says hey you got ms

they use an MRI and you must have:
To receive a diagnosis, the patient must have
- Evidence of at least 2 inflammatory demyelinating lesions in at least 2
different locations with CNS
- Damage or ana attack occurring at different times (usually 1 month apart)
- All other possible diagnoses ruled out

24
Q

is there a cure?

A

nope!! its all symptomatic relief

25
Q

what is Parkinson’s disease?

A

neurodegenerative disease of CNS (basal ganglia)

Unusual proteins (Lewy bodies) aggregate inside nerve cells. Leads to abnormal brain functioning that can affect cognition, movement, mood and
behavior.

basically changes in brain due to a lack of dopamine. so the neurone producing this transmitter is basically dying.

26
Q

what does dopamine do?

A

Dopamine essential for normal function of extrapyramidal motor system – control of
posture, support and voluntary motion

nOTE: Disrupts normal balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in basal ganglia

27
Q

How will Parkinson’s look like?

A

Delayed initiation and execution of movement (bradykinesia), increased
muscle tone (rigidity), tremor at rest, and impaired gait

28
Q

what is myasthenia graves?

A

Autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction

basically Weakness increases with muscle use, strength increases after rest

WATCH YOUTUBE

29
Q

what are inter professional care for myasthenia graves?

A

surgical therapy
- Removal of thymus gland
- Thymus gland enhances production of acetylcholine receptors

plasmapheresis anf IV immunoglobulin is one too

WATCH YOUTUBE

30
Q

what is ALS?

A

Characterized by loss of motor neurons and by weakness
and atrophy of the muscles of the hands, fore arms, legs,
spreading to involve most of the body and face

FATAL within 2-6 years

patient is cognitively intact while wasting away

WATCH YOUTUBE

31
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

Progressive, degenerative brain disorder

Genetically transmitted, autosomal dominant disorder; offspring have a 50% chance of having it

Deficiency in neurotransmitter acetylcholine and GABA

Survival 15-18 years – mortality related to pneumonia, suicide

CARE IS BASICALLY PALLIATIVE

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

NURS 2056 (14 decks)

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