Lower GI Flashcards
discuss abdominal trauma
occurs from blunt trauma or penetration injury
leads to massive blood loss, hypovolemic shock which leads to complications
1how will someone with abdominal trauma present?
guarding and splinting of abdominal wall
a hard distended abdomen (indication intra-abdominal bleeding)
what are 2 unique clinical manifestations of abdominal trauma?
1) ecchymosis discolouration around the umbilicus = Cullen’s sign
2) ecchymosis or discolouration of the flanks = Grey Turner Sgin
what are 2 unique clinical manifestations of abdominal trauma?
1) ecchymosis discolouration around the umbilicus = Cullen’s sign
2) ecchymosis or discolouration of the flanks = Grey Turner Sign
what are emergency management for abdominal trauma?
1) AIRWAY (ABC)
2) establish oxygen if needed
3) 2 large bore catheters and infuse normal warm saline or LR
what is IBS?
chronic functional disorder characterized by
- intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain
- altered bowel function (constipation or diarrhea)
discuss appendicitis
inflammation of the appendinx from occlusion of appendices lumen by a fecalith (accumulated feces)
-obstruction results in edema, venous engorgement and invasion by bacteria which = gangrene and perforation
what are clinical manifestations of appendicitis?
periumbilical pain (initial ) shifting to right lower quadrant and localizing at McBurney Point
- experience rebound tenderness (Blumberg sign) and muscle guarding
pain is PERSISTENT AND CONTINUOUS
What are diagnostic for appendicitis?
gold standard is CT-scan
how do we deal with appendicitis?
surgical removal if the inflammation is localized
if the appendix ruptures, peritonitis or abscess present = conservative treatment so:
1) antibiotics
2) parenteral fluids to prevent sepsis and dehydration for 6-8 hour before appendectomy performed
discuss peritonitis
happens from inflammatory process of the peritoneum. usually caused by trauma or rupture of an organ containing chemical irritants or bacteria
this leakage of GI contents causes peritoneum to localize the agent by “WALLING IT OFF” basically putting fibrin containing fluids and swelling. adhesion may form (scar tissue) in abdominal cavity
how do we test for peritonitis?
Peritoneal aspiration to analyze fluid for blood, bile, pus, bacteria etc…
disc gastroenteritis
inflammation of mucosa of the stomach and SI.
usually caused by ingesting contaminated food and getting Salmonella etc…
how does gastroenteritis show up as?
nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, fever
treatment is:
NPO
iv fluids
intake/output
pain management
safe handling and preparation of food
