Renal anatomy + disease Flashcards
Semester 1 year 1
What is the extracellular fluid composed of?
-transcellular fluid
-plasma
-interstitial
What is the selectivity of the plasma membrane and capillary endothelium?
-plasma membrane - very selective
-capillary endothelium - non-selective
What does the amount of sodium in plasma set?
-“effective circulating” volume
-change total amount of sodium, total plasma volume changes
Where is the kidney typically seen?
Between the 12th thoracic + 3rd lumbar vertebrae
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What makes up the nephron?
- glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
- proximal tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal tube
- collecting duct
Which parts of the nephron are in the cortex and which are in the medulla?
In cortex:
-glomerulus
-Bowmans capsule
-proximal tubule
-distal tube
-collecting duct
In medulla:
-loop of Henle
-collecting duct
What are the type of nephron and which is the most common?
-superficial - most common
-juxtamedullary
Where is plasma filtered and where does it pass to?
-filtered in glomerulus
-passes to Bowman’s capsule
What is renal failure defined as?
A fall in glomerular filtration rate (usually 125 ml/min)
What does a fall in GFR cause?
An increase in serum urea + creatinine
Is acute or chronic renal failure over a short time period?
-acute = short time period
-chronic = long time period
Is there a change in haemoglobin in acute or chronic renal failure?
-acute = no change in haemoglobin level
-chronic = haemoglobin level decreases
Is there a change in kidney size in acute or chronic renal failure?
-acute = no change
-chronic = kidney decreases
What is peripheral neuropathy and is it present in acute or chronic renal failure?
-peripheral nerve damage leading to problems with sensation + movement
-acute = absent
-chronic = present
