Renal Anatomy and Urogenital System Development

Question 1

cloaca

Answer 1

Where external genitalia form

Question 2

Where are kidneys, relative to vertebral levels? Why is kidney higher on left side than on right side?

Answer 2

T12-L3;

Liver takes up too much space on right side, pushes kidney down.

Question 3

How do kidneys affect volume pressure? What about erythopoiesis?

Answer 3

They release renin, which increase blood pressure by increasing volume. IN terms of erythropoeitsis, they foster rbc production from the bone marrow.

Question 4

What muscles cover up kidney?

Answer 4

Psoas major
quadratus lumborum
diaphragm
transversus abdominus
ilioinguinal nerve

Question 5

When looking at the hilum, which vasculature is more anterior than the other?

Answer 5

Renal vein is more anterior than renal artery

Question 6

What vessels are in danger of being crushed by anyerism of Superior Mesenteric Artery (Nutcracker Syndrome))?
Where does left gonadal vein drain?

Answer 6

Left renal vein
3rd part of duodenum
Uccinate process of pancrease
Note that left gonadal vein drains in to left renal vein (can be affeected by Nutcracker…lead to varices in testicles)

Question 7

List the 3 constriction points (by kidney stones) of ureter. What path does the pain follow?

Answer 7

1. Ureteropelvic junction
2. Pelvic brim
3. Ureterovesical junction
   “Loin (outer edge) to groin pain” as kidney stone moves downward

Question 8

What is the embryological origin of the filtering part of the kidneys? Of the collecting part of the kidneys?

Answer 8

1. Metanephros

2. Ureteric bud

Question 9

Explain “reciprocal induction”

Answer 9

Communication between metanephenic caps and uretric bud during development. Used to make nephron longer. Wall separating the two disintegrates later. Develops into kidney (metanephros)

Question 10

Describe potter’s sequence

Answer 10

P: Pulmonary hypoplasia
O: Oligohydramnios
T: Twisted (wrinkled) skin
T: Twisted face (low set ears)
E: Extremity deformities
R: Renal agenesis (both kidneys do not form).

Unilateral is livable..

Question 11

Describe an ectopic kidney

Answer 11

Inferior poles of the two kidneys fuse together. Stopped height progression caused by inferior mesenteric artery. End result: kidney stays in pelvis.

Question 12

What is ureterovesical junction?

Answer 12

Where ureters from kidneys enter the urinary bladder. Enters at angle for vesicoureteral reflux.

Question 13

What are 3 components of ejaculatory duct?

Answer 13

Prostate, ductas (vas) deferens, and seminalvesicle

Question 14

Male vs female reproductive ducts

Answer 14

Male: mesonephric duct (wolffian duct)
Female: paramesonephric duct (mullerian duct)

Question 15

Hypospadias

Answer 15

Incomplete fusion of urethra folds…male reproductive system. Pee leaks from urethra