Knee Anatomy: Clinical Correlation Flashcards
What 4 bones make up the knee?
Femur, tibia, fibula, patella
What links patellofemoral joint?
Medial patellofemoral ligament
Which meniscus (lateral or medial) is larger? More tightly anchored?
Medial meniscus
What 4 ligaments keep knee joint together? Which is most likely to tear?
Anterior and posterior cruciates + medial (more likely to tear) and lateral collaterals
What muscles and tendons make up the quadriceps? Which quad muscle is the one which crosses 2 joints and is thus more likely to be injured? Which muscle is most likely to be torn on the posterior calf?
Rectus femoris (crosses 2 joints, more likely to be injured), vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, quad tendon, patellar tendon. On the posterior calf, likely torn muscle is gastrocnemius.
What muscles make up back of knee?
Hamstrings [biceps femoris semitendeninosus (for grafting), semimembranosus], gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus
What makes up the sciatic nerve? What does the popliteal artery become?
Tibial nerve and common fibular (peroneal) nerve. Popliteal artery becomes posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery, and common fibular artery (peroneal artery)
Symptoms of patellofemoral pain
No clue of start (insideous onset), diffuse pain in anterior knee while climbing stairs, sitting for too long, or getting up from a seat. May occassionally feel unstable.
What is q angle? Are higher q angles good or bad?
Q angle is angle between femur and tibial bones. Higher q angles = increased patellofemoral problems.
How would you treat patellofemoral joint issues?
No surgery. Just stretches of quads and vastus medialis strengthening. ONly go for surgery after 6 months of therapy
What are symptoms of meniscal tears?
Isolated joint line pain, mech symptoms, unknown/slow onset, locking of knee (but NOT in extension), jointline tenderness, duck walk
Symptoms of locked meniscus tear? Treatment?
Presents locked in flexion. Cannot fully extend knee, sudden onset. Treat with partial mensicectomy
What are some injuries related to extensor mechanism of the anterior thigh?
Quad tendon rupture, patellar fracture, patellar tendon rupture
What triggers MCL sprain?
Valgus force to knee
What triggers ACL tear? Who is more prone to it?
Tear of ACL is usually non-contact injury and is associated with “pop” sound during a cut or jump. More common in females, and leads to instability during sports play.
