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aubf (prelim) > renal anatomy > Flashcards

renal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

identify

it detects changes in the blood pressure

A

macula densa

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2
Q

identify

it drains filtered blood from the kidney

A

renal vein

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3
Q

identify

carries urine to the bladder

A

ureters

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4
Q

identify

amount of plasma entering the glomerulus

A

120 mL/min

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5
Q

identify

stimulates RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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6
Q

nephron

  • found on the cortex
  • waste removal and nutrient reabsorption (PCT & DCT)
A

cortical nephron

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7
Q

identify

it is formed due to variation in size of capillaries

A

hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

identify

total renal plasma flow

A

600 -700 ml/min (300 - 350 mL/min/kidney)

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9
Q

identify

delivers urine (excretion)

A

urethra

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10
Q

oncotic pressure

↓ solute in blood = (?)

A

water exits through interstition (EDEMA)

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11
Q

identify

functional units of the kidneys

A

nephrons

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12
Q

identify

it is formed due to osmotic gradient in capillaries

A

oncotic pressure

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13
Q

identify

the average body size

A

1.73 m²

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14
Q

acidic or basic

little H⁺

A

basic

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15
Q

identify

factors affecting glomerular filtration rate

A
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • oncotic pressure
  • RAAS
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16
Q

identify

renal glucose threshold: (?)

A

160 -180 mg/dL

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17
Q

identify

amount that triggers urination

A

150 mL

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18
Q

identify

this happens when you only have 1 kdiney

A

compensation hypertrophy

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19
Q

glomerular filtrate

specific gravity: >1.010

A

hypersthenuric

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20
Q

identify

it supplies unfiltered blood to the kidney

A

renal artery

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21
Q

identify

plasma concentration of substance

A

renal threshold

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22
Q

identify

  • it surrounds the Loop of henle
  • triggers osmosis
  • has area that has ↑ and ↓ salt concentration (oncotic gradient)
A

vasa recta

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23
Q

identify

it is a capillary/specialized capillary

A

glomerulus

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24
Q

identify

high pH in blood = (?)

A
  • low H⁺ secretion
  • low HCO₃⁻ reabsorption
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25
Q

identify

amount of nephrons per kidney

A

1.5 million

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26
Q

nephron

  • found on the top portion of medulla
  • urine concentration (L.o.H., & collecting ducts)
  • major salt exchange
  • ↑ solvent, ↓ solute
A

juxtamedullary nephron

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27
Q

identify

overhydrated: high B.F. = (?)

A

water secretion

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28
Q

identify

glomerulus’s blood vessel wall has holes we call (?)

A

fenestration

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29
Q

identify

2 types of nephron

A
  • cortical nephron (85%)
  • juxtamedullary nephron (15%)
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30
Q

identify

it encloses the glomerulus

A

bowmans capsule

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31
Q

identify

maintains homeostasis

A

kidney

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32
Q

identify

renin is both a (?) and an (?)

A
  • hormone
  • enzyme
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33
Q

glomerular filtrate

specific gravity: <1.010

A

hyposthenuric

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34
Q

identify

it brings blood to the glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

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35
Q

final urine volume

hydrated: (?)

A

15 mL/min

36
Q

reabsorption mechanism

needs atp

A

active transport

37
Q

identify

produced by peritubular cells (kidney)

A

erythropoietin

38
Q

identify

balancing of electrolytes

A

kidney

39
Q

identify

excretion of waste products

A

kidney

40
Q

identify

negativity of albumin

A

lightly negative

41
Q

identify

renal protein threshold: (?)

A

10 mg/dL

42
Q

identify

regulates acid-base balance

A

kidney

43
Q

identify

low pH in blood = (?) ; (?)

A
  • high H⁺ secretion
  • high HCO₃⁻ reabsorption
44
Q

identify

regulates body fluids

A

kidney

45
Q

identify

triggered by ↓ B.P. caused by ↓ blood volume and plasma Na⁺

A

RAAS (renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system)

46
Q

identify

when the macula densa detects low B.P., it gives signal to (?) that produces (?), that attaches to inactive (?) that would become (?), that goes to the lungs where it undergoes ACE (angiontensin converting exchange) and it would convert into (?), that triggers the posterior P.G. to release (?); triggers adrenal cortex to release (?), and would make the efferent arteriole (?), and the afferent arteriole (?).

A
  • JG cells (juxtaglomerular cells)
  • renin
  • angiontensinogen
  • angiontensin II
  • ADH/AVP
  • aldosterone
  • vasoconstrict
  • vasodilate
47
Q

identify

it is a non selective filter

A

glomerulus

48
Q

identify

normal blood pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

49
Q

identify

length of ureters

A

25 cm

50
Q

identify

the size of molecules that can only pass through the fenestrations of the glomerulus

A

<70,000 da (daltons)

51
Q

identify

has proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and Loop of Henle

A

renal tubules

52
Q

identify

dehydration: low B.F. = (?)

A

water reabsorption

53
Q

identify

the amount of blood flow that the kidney receives

A

25%

54
Q

hydrostatic pressure

↓ diameter = (?)

A

↑ hydrostatic pressure

55
Q

identify

produced by JG cells (juxtaglomerular cells)

A

renin

56
Q

identify

stores urine

A

bladder

57
Q

identify

it has a shield of negativity

A

glomerulus

58
Q

acidic or basic

many H⁺

A

acidic

59
Q

identify

another term for urination (bladder emptying)

A

micturition

60
Q

identify

4 renal functions:

A
  • renal blood flow
  • glomerular filtration
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
61
Q

identify

where urine is formed

A

kidney

62
Q

identify

high B.P. caused by afferent & efferent areterioles that results to more blood release

A

hydrostatic pressure

63
Q

oncotic pressure

↑ oncotic pressure

A

↓ glomerular filtration rate (water don’t exit)

64
Q

reabsorption mechanism

  • water is reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except in ascending Loop of henle
  • urea is reabsorbed in PCT and ascending Loop of henle
A

passive transport

65
Q

identify

  • it surrounds the PCT and DCT
  • produces EPO
A

peritubular capillaries

66
Q

identify

the bowmans capsule has an inner layer called (?), that has cells called (?). The cells has foots that interlocks with each other, that provides additonal (?) to the glomerulus

A
  • visceral layer
  • podocytes
  • filtration
67
Q

identify

(?) influences the pH in our body

A

hypoventilation

68
Q

final urine volume

dehydrated: (?)

A

0.3 mL/min

69
Q

hypoventilation

CO₂ builds up in blood → carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) = (?)

A

low pH

70
Q

hydrostatic pressure

↓ hydrostatic pressure = (?)

A

↓ glomerular filtration rate

71
Q

identify

where the blood from glomerulus exits

A

efferent arteriole

72
Q

identify

maintain blood pressure and electropoiesis

A

kidney

73
Q

identify

length of urethra:

male: (?)
female: (?)

A

male: 24 cm
female: 4 cm

74
Q

hydrostatic pressure

↑ hydrostatic pressure = (?)

A

↑ glomerular filtration rate

75
Q

hydrostatic pressure

↑ diameter = (?)

A

↓ hydrostatic pressure

76
Q

identify

total amount of nephrons

A

2-3 million

77
Q

identify

total renal blood flow

A

approx. 1200 mL/min (600 mL/min/kidney)

78
Q

identify

it is where the water and salt exhange happens

A

loop of henle

79
Q

identify

it corrects the blood pressure

A

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

80
Q

identify

removal of essential substances

A

tubular reabsorption

81
Q

glomerular filtrate

specific gravity : 1.010

A

isosthenuric

82
Q

identify

it filters plasma

A

glomerulus

83
Q

identify

size of an albumin

A

66,500 Da (dalton)

84
Q

oncotic pressure

↓ oncotic pressure

A

↑ glomerular filtration rate (water exits)

85
Q

identify

when there is a dysmorphic RBC in urine, the glomerular is (?)

A

damaged

aubf (prelim) (6 decks)

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